Approaches to the Optimal Nonlinear Analysis of Microcalorimeter Pulses

Fowler, Joseph W.; Pappas, Christine G.; Alpert, Bradley K.; Doriese, W. B.; O’Neil, Galen C.; Ullom, Joel N.; Swetz, Daniel S.

doi:10.1007/s10909-018-1892-5

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Because the E J metric produces nearly linear calibration functions, it may simplify calibration measurements and analysis and produce more accurate results. In a companion paper in this issue, a low-noise estimator of the E J metric is presented that produces Mn, Co, and Cu Kα spectra with energy resolutions comparable to the OFPH results on test 19 . Our next step will be to compare the accuracy and speed of the full calibration procedures using OFPH, the low-noise E J estimator, and other proposed alternative calibration metrics such as resistance-space 15 16 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A Highly Linear Calibration Metric for TES X-ray Microcalorimeters

et al. 2018

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Transition-edge sensor X-ray microcalorimeters are usually calibrated empirically, as the most widely-used calibration metric, optimal filtered pulse height (OFPH), in general has an unknown dependance on photon energy, E γ . Because the calibration function can only be measured at specific points where photons of a known energy can be produced, this unknown dependence of OFPH on E γ leads to calibration errors and the need for time-intensive calibration measurements and analysis. A calibration metric that is nearly linear as a function of E γ could help alleviate these problems. In this work, we assess the linearity of a physically motivated calibration metric, E Joule . We measure calibration pulses in the range 4.5 keV

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The direct application to individual, noisy pulse records of the formulas here will yield linear, but highly noisy estimations of E γ . We treat the problem of their statistically optimal estimation in a companion paper in these same proceedings 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Linear Calibration Metric for TES X-ray Microcalorimeters

et al. 2018

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“…However, ì 𝑚 𝑡; ì 𝜉 (and C 𝑡, 𝑡 ; ì 𝜉 if the noise is not stationary) can be challenging to construct as continuous functions of their parameters. Generative physical models [110,111], principal component analyses [112][113][114], and template interpolation [115,116] have been suggested as ways to properly formulate these functions. Nevertheless, solving equa tion 3.10 then becomes a nonlinear optimization problem which cannot be solved in real time.…”

Section: Maximum Likelihood Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Resolving Power of Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Zobrist¹

2022

Springer Theses

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dark matter searches to biological imaging and astronomy. The performance of these de tectors often limits the achievable science goals for an application, so improvements to detector technologies can be transformative. This dissertation focuses on these detector enhancements, emphasizing the requirements for one particular application, exoplanet di rect imaging. However, the work done here remains broadly applicable to fields needing highly sensitive sensors in this wavelength range.Finding and studying the properties of exoplanets orbiting distant stars can tell us much about solar system dynamics and the formation of our own solar system. With sufficiently precise measurements we might also discover the presence of water or even biological processes on these planets. To achieve this goal, we need astronomical instrumentation ca pable of separating an exoplanet's light from its host star by directly imaging it. For many exoplanets, though, we receive at our telescope only roughly one photon for every billion from the star. Even worse, these two light sources often partially overlap because of the relative closeness of exoplanets to their stars and the diffraction limit set by the finite size xi of our telescope optics. Therefore, the extreme contrast ratio between the brightness of the star and planet sets the performance requirements for this kind of instrument.Carrying out this measurement with the traditional semiconductor based sensors can be difficult. They detect the intensity of light at each pixel and introduce excess noise into the system. However, superconducting sensors avoid this limitation because of their ex tra sensitivity. Each individual incident photon can be resolved making them essentially perfect photon counting detectors, which enables the detection of exoplanets with more challenging contrast ratios than detectable with conventional detectors. The system noise in a superconducting sensor, instead, determines how accurately the photon energy can be measured through the size of the detector response. Because of this extra energy measure ment capability these detectors do not need the complicated optical systems typically used to measure an exoplanet's atmospheric spectrum. The accuracy at which we can resolve these planetary spectra determines how much we can learn about a planet and, as such, is the principal metric for the performance of these devices.The Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) is unique among other supercon ducting technologies because it allows for the simple readout of tens to hundreds of thou sands of pixels, which is a requirement for when the exact location of an exoplanet is un known. This dissertation focuses on improving the spectral resolving power of MKIDs to make them the superior option for ultraviolet to nearinfrared measurements and, in partic ular, for exoplanet direct imaging. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the significance of MKIDs as astronomical detectors and the relevant physics needed to understand their operation. In the following chapters, four sepa...

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“…20,21 However, r (t; ξ) and C(t, t ; ξ) can be challenging to construct as continuous functions of their parameters. Generative physical models, 22,23 principal component analyses, 7,24 and template interpolation 25,26 have been suggested as ways to properly formulate these functions. However, minimizing equation 6 then becomes a nonlinear optimization problem which cannot be solved in real-time.…”

Section: Photon Energy Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the dynamic range of single photon counting kinetic inductance detectors

Zobrist,

Klimovich,

Eom

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We develop a simple coordinate transformation which can be employed to compensate for the nonlinearity introduced by a Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector's (MKID) homodyne readout scheme. This coordinate system is compared to the canonically used polar coordinates and is shown to improve the performance of the filtering method often used to estimate a photon's energy. For a detector where the coordinate nonlinearity is primarily responsible for limiting its resolving power, this technique leads to increased dynamic range, which we show by applying the transformation to data from a hafnium MKID designed to be sensitive to photons with wavelengths in the 800 to 1300 nm range. The new coordinates allow the detector to resolve photons with wavelengths down to 400 nm, raising the resolving power at that wavelength from 6.8 to 17.

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Approaches to the Optimal Nonlinear Analysis of Microcalorimeter Pulses

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

A Highly Linear Calibration Metric for TES X-ray Microcalorimeters

A Highly Linear Calibration Metric for TES X-ray Microcalorimeters

Improving the Resolving Power of Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Improving the dynamic range of single photon counting kinetic inductance detectors

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