Approaches to Visibility and Strategical Control of the Sierra Harana Schematic Rock Art (Granada, Spain)

Abstract

An approach about territorial control and mobility in Sierra Harana (Granada, Spain) during Late Prehistory is presented in this paper, according to rock shelters with schematic rock art distribution. Different aspects have been analysed by using tools provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS): the relationship between rock shelters and hydrographic network and water springs, and, mainly, their visual control. The association between rock shelters with schematic rock art and burial caves use during the Neolithic period is observed in the study area. A strong link between rock shelters and traditional pathways is also attested. These facts can be read as a way to mark symbolically certain routes that could be aimed to short transhumance practice.

Anaemia in Ruminants Caused by Plant Consumption

“…Bracken fern is a widely distributed plant belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae [ 12 ]. It is a herbaceous, perennial plant considered to be one of the most successful invasive plant species [ 31 , 32 ]. The plant is also named Eagle fern and is characterised by an extensive, repeatedly branched underground rhizome system and large fronds 15(30)–180(440) cm [ 32 , 33 ].…”

“…The rhizome is dark, thick, deep and rich in starch [ 12 ] which has sometimes been crushed into flour of very poor quality [ 31 ]. Early every spring, the so-called “leafs” sprout from the rhizome and are known as “fiddleheads”.…”

“…Fronds are very divided, tri-pinnate, but variable, ranging from two- to four-pinnate and supported by a vertical, long, hard and blackish base stem [ 12 , 32 ]. Fronds are shaped similar to a triangle [ 31 ]. During late autumn, especially in northern areas, fronds dry out, and the rhizomes remain buried, waiting for the spring [ 31 , 33 ].…”

“…Fronds are shaped similar to a triangle [ 31 ]. During late autumn, especially in northern areas, fronds dry out, and the rhizomes remain buried, waiting for the spring [ 31 , 33 ].…”

“…P. aquilinum , like other ferns, has neither flowers nor fruits. However, the plant has fertile fronds similar to sterile ones in which sporangia are located beneath the outer margins of the leaflets [ 31 , 34 ]. The clusters of spores form nearly unbroken lines along the edges of leaflets, and up to 30 million spores may be produced by a single frond [ 34 ].…”