Approaching the true self: Promotion focus predicts the experience of authenticity

Kim, Jinhyung; Chen, Kaiyuan; Davis, William E.; Hicks, Joshua A.; Schlegel, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.12.001

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the context of COVID-19-induced strain, individuals with high promotion regulatory focus may regulate their actions and attitudes to achieve favorable outcomes [42] by generating potential approaches and strategies. When experiencing COVID-19-induced strain, they may seek immediate access to accurate medical information and health care services to reduce their health concerns as well as those of people who are close to them [29].…”

Section: Moderating Role Of Promotion Regulatory Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19–Related Disruptions and Increased mHealth Emergency Use Intention: Experience Sampling Method Study

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global public health event, which has raised concerns regarding individuals’ health. Individuals need to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic with guidelines on symptom recognition, home isolation, and maintain mental health. Besides routine use of mobile health (mHealth) such as accessing information to keep healthy, individuals can use mHealth services in situations requiring urgent medical care, which is defined as mHealth emergency use. It is not known whether individuals have increased their daily mHealth services emergency use as a result of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The purpose of this diary analysis study is to assess the influences of daily disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ mHealth emergency use. The secondary purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of COVID-19–induced strain and the moderating role of promotion regulatory focus in the relationship between daily disruptions of COVID-19 and mHealth emergency use. Drawing from the cognitive activation theory of stress, we investigated the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the influence of COVID-19–related disruptions on daily mHealth emergency use. Methods To test the proposed model, this study adopts the experience sampling method to collect daily data. The experience sampling method helps researchers to capture participants’ fluctuations in emotions, mental engagement in an activity, and experienced stress. This study collected 550 cases nested in 110 samples in mainland China to test the conceptual model. In addition, we employed hierarchical linear modeling analysis to test the effect of COVID-19–related disruptions on mHealth emergency use. Results We found that COVID-19–related disruptions increased COVID-19–induced strain (γ=0.24, P<.001) and mHealth emergency use on a daily basis (γ=0.28, P<.001). COVID-19–induced daily strain mediated this relationship (effect=0.09, 95% CI 0.05-0.14). Promotion regulatory focus moderated the relationship between COVID-19–induced strain and mHealth emergency use (γ=0.35, P=.02). In addition, the indirect relationship between disruptions and mHealth emergency use intentions through COVID-19–induced strain is contingent upon promotion regulatory focus: this relationship was stronger in those with high promotion regulatory focus (effect=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.19) than in those with low promotion regulatory focus (effect=0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.11). Conclusions Event disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic induced mHealth emergency use intention through increased psychological strain. Furthermore, individuals’ promotion regulatory focus amplified this indirect relationship. Our findings extend our understanding of the factors underlying mHealth emergency use intention and illustrate the potential contingent role of promotion regulatory focus in the cognitive activation theory of stress. This study also opens avenues for future research on mHealth emergency use intention in other countries and cultural settings.

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Section: Moderating Role Of Promotion Regulatory Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19–Related Disruptions and Increased mHealth Emergency Use Intention: Experience Sampling Method Study

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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“…This research is the first to use LIWC to distinguish between descriptions of constructs in self-determination theory (support of needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness; e.g., and in regulatory focus theory (hopes and duties, which are promotion and prevention-focused goals; e.g., Higgins, 1998). Research on the need-support model (Vaughn, 2017b), which bridges self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory, has shown that participants report more need support in pursuit of hopes than in pursuit of duties (also see Kim et al, 2019). It is natural for tests of a bridging model to concentrate on positive relationships between constructs in the theories it bridges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bridging these theories, the need-support model (Vaughn, 2017b) proposes that support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness can influence and be influenced by promotion and prevention focus. Early tests of this model have been promising (Vaughn, 2017b; also see Kim, Chen, Davis, Hicks, & Schlegel, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Between Need Support and Regulatory Focus with LIWC

Vaughn

2019

Collabra: Psychology

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The need-support model bridges regulatory focus theory and self-determination theory. Research on this model has shown that support of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (key constructs in self-determination theory) is higher in experiences of pursuing hopes versus duties (key constructs in regulatory focus theory). The current research used LIWC 2015's standard dictionary to examine differences between descriptions of high and low support of these needs (N = 941), descriptions of pursuing hopes and duties (N = 1,047), high need support and hopes, and low need support and duties. As expected, descriptions of high need support and hopes were more emotionally positive than low need support and duties, whereas high need support and duties showed more attention to social relationships than low need support and hopes. These and additional findings of this research support the need-support model's proposal that regulatory focus and need support do not reduce to each other.

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“…Scholer et al, 2010). Research also has shown that participants report more satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in promotion-focused experiences than in prevention-focused ones (Kim et al, 2019;Vaughn, 2017Vaughn, , 2019. 1 With that said, people tend not to view prevention-focused experiences as need thwarting (Kim et al, 2019;Vaughn, 2017Vaughn, , 2019Vaughn, Burkins, & Judd, 2020), and LIWC analyses of prevention-focused experiences show that the emotional tone of prevention experiences is much more positive than of experiences that are explicitly low in need satisfaction (Vaughn, 2019).…”

Section: Regulatory Focus and Well-being On Thanksgivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeling socially connected and focusing on growth: Relationships with well-being during a major holiday in the COVID-19 pandemic

Vaughn¹,

Burkins²,

Chalachan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Numerous major holidays celebrate socially gathering in person. However, in major holidays that happened during the pandemic, desires to nurture relationships and maintain holiday traditions often conflicted with physical distancing and other measures to protect against COVID-19. The current research sought to understand well-being during American Thanksgiving in 2020, which happened eight months into the COVID-19 pandemic, after months of physical distancing and stay-at-home orders. American Thanksgiving is a major holiday not limited to any religion. We asked 404 American adults how they spent Thanksgiving Day and to report on their experiences of that day. Predictors of well-being that we drew from self-determination theory were satisfaction of the fundamental needs for social connection (relatedness), for doing what one really wants (autonomy), and for feeling effective (competence). The predictors of well-being that we drew from regulatory focus theory were a focus on growth (promotion), and a focus on security (prevention). We found that feeling socially connected and focusing on growth related most strongly to well-being. Additionally, participants who saw even one other person face-to-face reported significantly higher relatedness satisfaction, promotion focus, and well-being than those who did not. Our research could help construct persuasive messages that encourage nurturing close relationships at major holidays while remaining safe against the virus.

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Approaching the true self: Promotion focus predicts the experience of authenticity

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

COVID-19–Related Disruptions and Increased mHealth Emergency Use Intention: Experience Sampling Method Study

COVID-19–Related Disruptions and Increased mHealth Emergency Use Intention: Experience Sampling Method Study

Distinguishing Between Need Support and Regulatory Focus with LIWC

Feeling socially connected and focusing on growth: Relationships with well-being during a major holiday in the COVID-19 pandemic

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