Approaching Theoretical Haze of Highly Transparent All-Cellulose Composite Films

Hou, Gaoyuan; Liu, Yu; Zhang, Dejian; Li, Guanhui; Xie, Hong; Fang, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c08586

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As a result, an ultrahigh haze and highly transparent all-cellulose composite film was produced (Figure 18). [129] Through the combination of the different properties of the regenerated cellulose film and common paper, a transparency of 90.1% and a transmission haze of 95.2% at 550 nm was achieved. The compact composite film had a density of 0.87 g cm −3 , which allows an increased transmission, while microsized irregularities, caused by crystalline and amorphous regions as well as undissolved microscale nanofibril bundles in the regenerated cellulose, prefer the forward light scattering.…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compact composite film had a density of 0.87 g cm −3 , which allows an increased transmission, while microsized irregularities, caused by crystalline and amorphous regions as well as undissolved microscale nanofibril bundles in the regenerated cellulose, prefer the forward light scattering. [129] These irregularities lead to a change in the refractive index. The refractive index of the crystalline areas was 1.584 and that of the amorphous areas was 1.532.…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Reimer

Zollfrank

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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The colors of plants and animals can be achieved by different interactions of light with matter. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Animals or plants use the biological system colors as warning, for camouflage, or for signaling. Coloration can be generated by the selective absorption of light from the visible range of the spectrum by using pigments (pigmentary colors), which are absorbing subsets of the visible spectrum and transmitting and reflecting the other parts of the visible light. Therefore, the tissue occurs in the color of the wavelength of the reflected radiation. This is used for example by flowers of plants as a signal, because they have to stand out against the background of the vegetation in order to attract pollinating insects. Therefore, they appear in bright colors by reflecting certain wavelengths of visible light, which are then perceivable for the pollinating insects as well as for humans. [10][11][12][13] However, light-matter interaction with respect to absorption is of general importance, but will not be further discussed in this review. On the other hand, coloration can be created by coherent or incoherent scattering of light on highly structured and unstructured tissues (structural colors) in the range of the wavelength of incident light. Here, different wavelengths of light are selectively reflected from a structure and the remaining wavelengths can then be transmitted or absorbed. [10][11][12][13][14][15] These biological photonic sub-micrometer structures yield a distinct coloration through the creation of a refractive index contrast between the used materials. This is an interesting fact, because natural systems cannot be built on high-refractive index inorganic materials, which are commonly used in contemporary technology. Instead, nature makes use of biopolymers such as keratin, chitin, collagen, and cellulose. However, all of these biopolymers exhibit a refractive index around ≈1.5. In order to be able to create bright structural colors, a high refractive index contrast is required. Therefore, nature is using air voids to create the necessary refractive index contrast (Δn ≈ 0.5). Alternatively, nature can also use melanin with a refractive index of about 2 and keratin in mixed composites or by using anhydrous guanine with a refractive index of 1.83, whose crystal arrangements are responsible for the metallic luster of many fish. [15,16] Pigmentary color as well as structural color can also occur in combination (combined colors). All of these aspects can also be separated in iridescent or noniridescent colors. [10,15] Birds, like the Panama Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala panamensis) or the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) are using different combinations of pigments and sub-micrometer structured components.Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. It is a sustainable and renewable raw material with many beneficial properties. Due to its availability, nontoxicity, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, cellulose is one of the world's most ...

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Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Reimer

Zollfrank

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…36 The micro-sized irregularities in the refractive index arising primarily from the crystalline structure of the polymers have been thought to be the main reason for the high haze values of polymer films. 37 As for the current semi-alicyclic PI films, they showed quite low haze values, indicating the low inhomogeneity in the films. This is mainly attributed to the amorphous nature of the polymer films, evidenced by the XRD measurements shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Preparation and properties of colorless and transparent semi‐alicyclic polyimide films with enhanced high‐temperature dimensional stability via incorporation of alkyl‐substituted benzanilide units

Zhi

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) films with enhanced high‐temperature dimensional stability and solution‐processability were prepared from the methyl‐substituted benzanilide containing organo‐soluble polyimide (PI) resins. For this target, a new aromatic diamine, 2,3′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diaminobenzanilide (MMDABA) was synthesized. The methyl substituents were expected to endow the derived PI resins good solubility and rigid‐rod benzanilide units can efficiently reduce the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the derived CPI films. CPI‐a and CPI‐b were prepared by the one‐step thermal polycondensation from MMDABA with hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride for CPI‐a and hydrogenated 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride for CPI‐b, respectively. The derived PI resins were soluble in polar aprotic solvents. Colorless and transparent CPI‐a and CPI‐b films were prepared from the PI solutions and the subsequent 280°C curing. The CPI films showed good transparency in visible light and transmittances higher than 80% at 450 nm and yellowness index (b*) below 2.0. More importantly, the derived CPI‐a film showed the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 417.5°C and the CTE value of 46.9 × 10−6/K in the range of 50–250°C. Apparently, incorporation of alkyl‐substituted benzanilide units achieved good balance among solution‐processability, high‐temperature dimensional stability, and optical properties.

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“…4). It is worth noting that ACCs P60 is transparent (optical transmittance * 80% at 550 nm) but still with high haze ([ 70% at 550 nm), which makes it promising as photonic material for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, as haze increases light scattering and absorption (Hou et al 2020;Chen et al 2020b). The digital photographs of ACC P60 confirm high transmittance and high haze ( Fig.…”

Section: Morphology and Optical Properties Of The Accsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Exploring digital image correlation technique for the analysis of the tensile properties of all-cellulose composites

et al. 2021

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All-cellulose composites (ACCs) were prepared from filter paper via partial dissolution in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, and material tensile properties were investigated using various approaches. One is based on data directly taken from a tensile testing machine, and the other uses two-cameras stereovision with digital image correlation (DIC) technique. In the latter case, virtual extensometer with different locations on the sample and averaging over sample surface were tested. Nominal and true stress–strain dependences were built and Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at maximal stress and toughness were evaluated as a function of ACC density. A minor difference was observed for the stress–strain dependences derived from different approaches which use the DIC technique, most probably because of low ACC deformation. However, the results reveal that the nominal stress–strain curve from DIC is significantly different from that which is directly derived from the data provided by machine sensors thus strongly impacting Young’s modulus and elongation at break values. This study provides an insight into the evaluation of the mechanical properties of ACCs. Graphic abstract

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Approaching Theoretical Haze of Highly Transparent All-Cellulose Composite Films

Cited by 69 publications

References 38 publications

Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Cellulose for Light Manipulation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

Preparation and properties of colorless and transparent semi‐alicyclic polyimide films with enhanced high‐temperature dimensional stability via incorporation of alkyl‐substituted benzanilide units

Exploring digital image correlation technique for the analysis of the tensile properties of all-cellulose composites

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