“…Many authors empirically used non-monetary payments, the most popular choice being labor time or WTW (Abramson et al, 2011;Alam, 2013;Arbiol et al, 2013;Casiwan-Launio, Shinbo & Morooka, 2011;Das & Mahanta, 2013;Gibson et al, 2016;Girma & Beyene, 2012;Gorkhali, 2009;Hung, Loomis & Thinh, 2007;Ishigu, 2019;Ninan & Sathyapalan, 2005;Notaro & Paletto, 2011;Saizan et al, 2019;Saxena, Bisht, & Singh, 2008;Schiappacasse et al, 2013;Solikin, 2017;Tilahun et al, 2015;Vasquez, 2014;& Vondolia et al, 2014). In contrast, the less popular alternatives include commodity or harvest, such as rice (Navrud & Vondolia, 2020), providing meals (Diafas et al, 2017), borrowing (Abramson et al, 2011), and income tax and reduction of government subsidy for groceries (Hassan et al, 2018).…”