Appropriate Preservation of Dairy Wastewater Samples for Environmental Analysis

Abstract

Thousands of gallons of water are used in dairies to wash cows before milking and for cleaning equipment. The wastewater generated contains elevated levels of organic matter and pollutants, including nitrogen that once converted, may contaminate groundwater with nitrate. This study was conducted to determine the amount of sulfuric acid needed to preserve wastewater samples from a New Mexico dairy in the southwestern U.S. Titrations of wastewater from a local dairy using full strength (18 M) sulfuric acid were performed to determine the amount of acid needed to bring the pH of the sample to below two, the recommended pH for sample preservation. An average of 0.33 mL of acid was required for every 100 mL of wastewater. Due to sample variability, we recommend that 0.4 mL sulfuric acid be added for every 100 mL dairy wastewater sample to ensure adequate acidification. This quantity is twice the amount currently recommended in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.

Antimicrobial properties of promising Zn–Fe based layered double hydroxides for the disinfection of real dairy wastewater effluents

“…Dairy effluents contain nutrients like nitrogen that cause the receiving water bodies causing eutrophication, while detergents and sanitizers have an impact on aquatic life 8 . Additionally, because it can be converted to nitrate, nitrogen from dairy wastes can also affect ground water 9 . Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate are all types of nitrogen that are bad for human health 10 .…”

Stimuli-Responsive Microarray Films for Real-Time Sensing of Surrounding Media, Temperature, and Solution Properties via Diffraction Patterns

“…Traditional sensors such as the pH meter or the mercury thermometer have already enabled common people to detect and measure normal physiochemical changes, but these traditional sensors can only be used in a limited range and under limited conditions. , Therefore, many other cutting-edge sensors were proposed, which have broadened the application area of sensors . For instance, a high-sensitivity optical sensor is proposed for sensing organic vapor via the polymeric swelling-induced variation of fluorescence intensity. , A pH-sensitive copolymer is used in conjunction with a magnetoelastic ribbon to remotely sense the surrounding pH .…”

Restructuring BOD : COD Ratio of Dairy Milk Industrial Wastewaters in BOD Analysis by Formulating a Specific Microbial Seed

“…Nutrients present in dairy effluent like nitrogen and so forth lead to eutrophication of receiving waters, and detergents affect the aquatic life [3, 8]. Presence of nitrogen in dairy effluent is another major problem that once converted may contaminate ground water with nitrate [9]. Milk with 3.7% fat contains about 295 mg/L of nonprotein nitrogen [10–12].…”