Appropriate use of Antimicrobial Therapy For COVID-19 Co-Infection

Lai, Chih‐Cheng; Yu, Wen-Liang

doi:10.2217/imt-2021-0134

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The general holistic treatment is encompassed by radical debridement and excision of the infected tissues with a concomitant high-dose therapy of amphotericin B (an antimicrobial based antifungal). The first line of treatment for aspergillosis is either Voriconazole or Isavuconazole [ 3 , 28 ]. The current guidelines or recommendations on this subject are based on poor-quality evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?

Banerjee¹,

Robinson²,

Asim

et al. 2021

Nepal J Epidemiology

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Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are rare, invasive and life-threatening infections. The causative agents being namely: Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus. The case fatality rates being over 50% respectively. Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis have been established and recognized as a complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. These cases have been intimately linked and related to prior corticosteroid therapy. With the new B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.2.1 or AY.1 strain of the coronavirus running rampant throughout India causing unprecedented death tolls, a new crisis is evolving. Invasive “black fungus” (Mucormycosis) is creating an epidemic within a global pandemic. The unique socio-economic, genetic and health status of India’s population culminates into a melting pot which sustains the viable triad for the “black fungus” infection to gain a stronghold. Diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and the current COVID-19 global pandemic with its massive surges in the country have produced the “perfect storm.” Eye surgeons from around India are registering a surge in invasive Mucormycosis cases with a rise in orbital compartment syndrome often calling for radical procedures such as enucleation surgeries. The “black fungus” pandemic and invasive Mucormycosis occurring in COVID-19 patients in India is a depiction of the sinister secondary infections and complications intimately linked with the virus. It is therefore of the upmost importance that countries surrounding India in particular Nepal and other Asiatic nations take great cognizance of this indolent “black fungus killer” and ensure new screening and testing protocols are put into place.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?

Banerjee¹,

Robinson²,

Asim

et al. 2021

Nepal J Epidemiology

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“…Since there are few data on bacterial co-infection and it is relatively uncommon, routine administration of empiric antibiotic therapy is not recommended in the current clinical practice. 53 However, more than 50% of hospitalized patients received empiric antibiotic therapy without definitive identification of the pathogens. 54 Nevertheless, it is reasonable to prescribe antibacterial agents in severe clinical situations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For patients requiring mechanical ventilator support and for critically ill patients, empirical antibiotic treatment is also recommended. 53 Antibiotic de-escalation strategy is necessary with close evaluation according to the microbiological evidence and the patient’s condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Veterans: A Narrative Review

Chuang¹,

Tsai²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

RMHP

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Veterans are a special population that has been largely ignored during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Veterans with COVID-19 not only suffered symptoms from the disease but also had a higher risk of further development of in-hospital complications involving multiple organs. This article aims to review the current literature on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome in veterans who contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic, using papers published between January 1, 2020 and August 1, 2021. Forty published papers were considered relevant to this review study. The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused a burden on health-care facilities but also affected the veterans population. Veterans with COVID-19 not only suffered symptoms from the disease but also had a higher risk of further development of in-hospital complications involving multiple organs. The dismal outcome might be attributed to old age and multiple comorbidities among veterans. Symptoms that may be seen in veterans with COVID-19 are comparable to those in the general population with fever, cough, and dyspnea, the most commonly reported. There are several approaches, such as self-assessment tools and virtual or telephone triage strategies, that can initially provide adequate evaluation of the symptoms related to COVID-19 in veterans. Adequate risk stratification could be carried out using the VA COVID-19 (VACO) Index, which predicts the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality after COVID-19 infection. There are several COVID-19 specific treatments that have been given to veterans; however, none of them have been proven to reduce the overall mortality in veterans. The overall mortality rate among veterans showed a declining trend. However, veterans suffering from chronic COVID-19 are at risk of dependence on activities of daily living after recovering from the illness. In summary, veterans are a special population that requires more attention especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…По данным одних авторов, это респираторные фторхинолоны, макролиды, бета-лактамные антибиотики с ингибиторами бета-лактамаз [13,15,23], причём в Великобритании и Франции занимает лидирующие позиции амоксициллин или амоксициллин/клавуланат [18,22,45], в Китае -фторхинолоны (например, моксифлоксацин) [61], затем карбапенемы и цефалоспорины [58,62], в Нидердандах -цефалоспорины второго и третьего поколений [1], в Мадриде -антибиотики широкого спектра (преимущественно цефтриаксон), на втором месте -линезолид [63], в Шотландии -амоксициллин, доксициклин, ко-амоксиклав -пациентам вне ОИТ, пиперациллин-тазобактам и меропенем -в ОИТ [36], в США -азитромицин (около 50% госпитализаций), цефтриаксон (42%), ванкомицин (25%) и пиперациллин/тазобактам (23%) [34,41], в Колумбии, при наличии суперинфекции -ампициллин/сульбактам (56,4%), затем пиперациллин/тазобактам (29,9%), меропенем (18,6%), ципрофлоксацин (16,7%) и цефтриаксон (15,2%) [56]; в Пакистане -азитромицин, ципрофлоксацин, цефтриаксон, амоксициллин-клавулановая кислота и пиперациллин-тазобактам [24]; в Бангладеше -на догоспитальном этапе макролиды (27%), а на втором месте -цефалоспорины (16%); а в стационаре выбор антибиотика был противоположным -цефалоспорин (61%), затем макролид (22%) [33]; в Индии -цефалоспорины третьего поколения (16,06%), ингибиторозащи-АНТИБИОТИКИ И ХИМИОТЕРАПИЯ, 2022, 67; 11- 12 69 ОБЗОРЫ щённые бета-лактамы, такие как пиперациллинтазобактам, цефоперазон-сульбактам (57,3%), а также карбапенемы (43,7%) [64]. По нашим данным, в стационаре наиболее часто назначаемыми АБ были макролиды, преимущественно азитромицин.…”

Section: характер назначаемых антибиотиковunclassified

Is There a Need to Widely Prescribe Antibiotics in Patients with COVID-19?

Кароли

Ребров

2023

A&Ch

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Over the past two years, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has dominated all aspects of health care around the world, often leaving other long-term public health problems in the background. Despite the fact that COVID-19 is a viral disease, the use of antibiotics in these patients was common practice, especially at the beginning of the pandemic. The use of antibiotics (ABs) in patients with the novel coronavirus infection (NCI) reaches over 70% cases. Suspected concomitant bacterial infection, lack of eﬀective means of treating NCI, terminological problems associated with the deﬁnition of «pneumonia» may have been the motivating factor for such widespread use. The data of the conducted studies indicate that there is currently insuﬃcient evidence for the widespread empirical use of antibiotics in the majority of hospitalized patients, as the total proportion of bacterial infections in COVID-19 is quite low. Thus, according to most researchers, combined bacterial infection is rare and is less than 10%. Unjustiﬁed prescription of ABs to patients with COVID-19 can lead to complications that could otherwise have been avoided, including increased bacterial resistance, Clostridioides diﬃcile infection, kidney failure, and much more. The article provides information on the frequency of AB therapy at various stages of medical care. The analysis of data on the nature of antibiotics prescribed to inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 in diﬀerent countries was carried out. Recommendations from diﬀerent countries on AB therapy in patients with COVID-19 are presented. Conclusion. The data reviewed conﬁrm the discrepancy between the unjustiﬁed and excessive prescribing of antibiotics to patients with COVID-19 and the small number of evidence of associated bacterial infections.

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Appropriate use of Antimicrobial Therapy For COVID-19 Co-Infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?

Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?

COVID-19 in Veterans: A Narrative Review

Is There a Need to Widely Prescribe Antibiotics in Patients with COVID-19?

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