This paper initiates a study on the existence and approximate controllability for a type of non-instantaneous impulsive stochastic evolution equation (ISEE) excited by fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst index 0<H<1122. First, to overcome the irregular or singular properties of fBm with Hurst parameter 0<H<1122, we define a new type of control function. Then, by virtue of the stochastic analysis theory, inequality technique, the semigroup approach, Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem and Schaefer’s fixed-point theorem, we derive two new sets of sufficient conditions for the existence and approximate controllability of the concerned system. In the end, a concrete example is worked out to demonstrate the applicability of our obtained results.