Approximate Entropy Analysis of Event-Related Potentials in Patients With Early Vascular Dementia

Abstract

This study investigated differences in event-related potential (ERP) parameters among early vascular dementia (VD) patients, healthy elder controls (ECs), and young controls (YCs). A visual "oddball" color identification task was performed while individuals' electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded. Approximate entropy (ApEn), a nonlinear measure, along with P300 latencies and amplitudes were used to analyze ERP data and compare these three groups. The patients with VD showed more complex ERP waveforms and higher ApEn values than did ECs while performing the visual task. It was further found that patients with VD showed reduced P300 amplitudes and increased latencies. The results indicate that patients with VD have fewer attention resources to devote to processing stimuli, lower speed of stimulus classification, and lower synchrony in their cortical activity during the response period. We suggest that ApEn, as a measure of ERP complexity, is a promising marker for early diagnosis of VD.

Dynamic information flow analysis in Vascular Dementia patients during the performance of a visual oddball task

“…It has been shown that the detection of target stimuli would elicit an event-related potential (ERP) component, P300, in a typical oddball paradigm [23]. Prolonged response time indicates a delay in the detection of target stimuli and an increased P300 latency in VaD patients [24,25]. This study further confirmed the decline of the brain functions in VaD patients.…”

“…Based on such consideration, the DTF connectivity were integrated into 5 frequency bands, i.e. ı (0.5-3.5 Hz), Â (4-7 Hz), ˛1 (8-10 Hz), ˛2 (11)(12)(13) and (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), and then statistic tests were performed again. Significant directional connectivity was visualized over the scalp surface using the eConnectome software package [22].…”

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

“…The results suggest that visual cognitive function is selectively impaired in PDD and DLB, and this, at an early stage of visual processing. In VD, the latency of P3 is delayed and its amplitude decreased, suggesting that these individuals may have fewer attention resources to devote to processing stimuli …”

“…In VD, the latency of P3 is delayed and its amplitude decreased, suggesting that these individuals may have fewer attention resources to devote to processing stimuli. 138 …”

“…Controversial in AD but flash response could be delayed and pattern response normal 126,[131][132][133][134][135] Visual event EP Greater response in DLB than AD but greater in AD than FTD 137,138 Complex functions Defects in reading, 139 visuospatial function, 48,140,141 and object identification in AD. 47 refraction has been used or if an ocular pathology was present.…”