Approximate quantification in young, healthy older adults’, and Alzheimer patients

Gandini, Delphine; Lemaire, Patrick; Michel, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.12.004

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The choice/no-choice methodology has also been used in many other studies of problem-solving processes where variability of procedure selection has been studied, such as numerosity estima tion (Gandini, Lemaire, & Michel, 2009;Luwel, Foustana, Onghena, & Verschaffel, 2013;Verschaffel, De Corte, Lamote, & Dherdt, 1998), exact arithmetic (Siegler & Lemaire, 1997;Siegler & Shrager, 1984;Torbeyns et al, 2011), and linear functions (Acevedo Nistal, Van Dooren, & Verschaffel, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults.

Xu¹,

Wells²,

LeFevre³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The purpose of the present study was to examine factors that influence strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults. Strategic flexibility was operationalized as the percentage of trials on which participants chose the problem-based procedure that best balanced proximity to the correct answer with simplification of the required calculation. For example, on 42 × 57, the optimal problem-based solution is 40 × 60 because 2,400 is closer to the exact answer 2,394 than is 40 × 50 or 50 × 60. In Experiment 1 (n = 50), where participants had free choice of estimation procedures, Chinese-educated participants were more likely to choose the optimal problem-based procedure (80% of trials) than Canadian-educated participants (50%). In Experiment 2 (n = 48), participants had to choose 1 of 3 solution procedures. They showed moderate strategic flexibility that was equal across groups (60%). In Experiment 3 (n = 50), participants were given the same 3 procedure choices as in Experiment 2 but different instructions and explicit feedback. When instructed to respond quickly, both groups showed moderate strategic flexibility as in Experiment 2 (60%). When instructed to respond as accurately as possible or to balance speed and accuracy, they showed very high strategic flexibility (greater than 90%). These findings suggest that solvers will show very different levels of strategic flexibility in response to instructions, feedback, and problem characteristics and that these factors interact with individual differences (e.g., arithmetic skills, nationality) to produce variable response patterns.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults.

Xu¹,

Wells²,

LeFevre³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…The time pressure might have interacted with older adults' processing speed to affect which strategies they were able to implement when estimating the various presentation formats. Gandini et al (2009) found that while older adults were as accurate as younger adults in their estimations, that older adults were slower in providing their estimates. Thus, age-related changes in processing speed might affect whether older adults attempted the slower, but more accurate anchoring estimation strategy or the faster, less accurate benchmark strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, age-related changes in processing speed might affect whether older adults attempted the slower, but more accurate anchoring estimation strategy or the faster, less accurate benchmark strategy. Although Gandini, Lemaire, Anton, et al (2008), Gandini, Lemaire, and Dufau (2008) and Gandini et al (2009) have conducted a number of studies examining younger and older adults' strategy use future research should examine what role these strate gies play in participants' numerosity estimation for the various presentation formats and whether instructions to use these strategies yield different levels of performance than self-initiated estimation strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These age differences in strategy use and numerosity esti mation performance were replicated with healthy younger and older adults, and in individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease. Gandini, Lemaire, and Michel (2009) found that the older adults and Alzheimer's patients were slower to estimate numerosities than the younger adults and that the proba ble Alzheimer's patients had reduced estimation accuracy relative to the other two groups. Gandini, Lemaire, Anton, and Nazarian (2008) used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while younger and older adults used the benchmark and anchoring strategies to assess whether patterns of acti vation would help explain participants' numerosity estimation accuracy and response latencies.…”

Section: Aging and Numerosity Estimationmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The role of feedback and dot presentation format in younger and older adults’ number estimation

Price

Clement

Wright

2013

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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Numerosity estimation, the rapid assessment of the number of items in a visual scene, is historically inaccurate. We assessed whether providing feedback regarding the correct numerosity on either 0%, 50%, or 100% of the trials would affect younger and older adults' estimation accuracy for randomized, clustered (i.e., groups of 3 or 7 dots), and stacked (i.e., column) dot formats. Participants provided estimates and confidence ratings in six blocks, each containing 48 trials (16 numerosities shown in each format). Feedback frequency was manipulated between participants during blocks 1-4; no feedback was provided during blocks 5 and 6, which contained old and new numerosities and previously estimated presentations rotated 90°. Estimation accuracy was age equivalent across blocks despite younger adults initially being more accurate than older adults. Feedback improved both age groups' accuracy. Stacked presentations were most accurately estimated but were more likely to be over-estimated than clustered and randomized presentations. Older adults gave lower confidence ratings than younger adults despite both age groups showing increased confidence across blocks, for more structured presentation formats, and as feedback frequency increased. These results expand our understanding of the role of presentation format and feedback in producing age equivalence or age-related differences in numerosity estimation.

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“…Indeed, older adults tend to favor the less demanding strategies, even if they are not the best (e.g., Duverne et al, 2003Duverne et al, , 2007Duverne & Lemaire, 2004Gandini et al, 2009;Green et al, 2007;Hodzik & Lemaire, 2011;Lemaire et al, 2004;Fein et al, 2007;Mata et al, 2007Mata & Nunes, 2010). As an example, in estimation calculation tasks, participants can estimate products of two-digit multiplication problems with several strategies.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Strategic Adaptations During Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Strategic Variations in Human Cognition Across the Life Span

Hinault

Lemaire²

2016

JET

Self Cite

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This paper provides an overview of how a strategy perspective fruitfully contributes to our understanding of psychological adaptation in problem-solving tasks, as well as how strategic adaptation develops across lifespan. Indeed, people do not use a single strategy to solve various problems, nor do their strategies remain the same across their lifespan. Problem-solving performance is determined by efficient strategy selection and execution, and strategy effectiveness is modulated by characteristics of problems, strategies, situations, and participants. Multiple strategy use help participants to obtain better performance through strategic adaptations. Strategic adaptations can be defined as participants' calibrations of how they accomplish cognitive tasks as a function of different task parameters. Moreover, this review consider how strategic adaptation mechanisms are implemented during childhood, as well as aging effects on the ability to select and execute strategies adaptively given environmental constraints. Third, the role of working memory capacity and executive processes in strategy use and in age-related changes in strategy adaptativeness are discussed. This review illustrates developmental changes of strategic adaptation during childhood and adulthood with findings from a variety of cognitive domains, including decision making and arithmetic problem solving.

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Approximate quantification in young, healthy older adults’, and Alzheimer patients

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults.

Strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults.

The role of feedback and dot presentation format in younger and older adults’ number estimation

Adaptive Strategic Variations in Human Cognition Across the Life Span

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