Approximate symbol error probability evaluation of M-ary pulse amplitude modulation with imperfect carrier recovery

On the unified error performance of PSK modulation schemes over mm‐wave wireless channels affected by carrier phase synchronization errors

“…, k is shadowing severity parameter, m is fading figure, 𝜉 k and 𝜉 m are, respectively, the shadowing and fading shaping factors, where 0.5 36 The shadowing shaping factor reflects the inhomogeneity in the transmission medium. Using Mathai et al, 36 , eq1.60 we can rewrite (7) as…”

“…A new model was proposed in Polprasert and Ritcey 4 for investigating the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) over Nakagami-m fading channels. However, the systems where the carrier-phase synchronization errors are assumed to be Tikhonov-distributed have been extensively investigated in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and is a widely acceptable distribution when PLL is used for carrier recovery and additive noise has a Gaussian distribution. The error performance of a PSK modulated system with imperfect-carrier-phase-estimation over generalized-fading distribution modeled radio-frequency (RF) channels, namely, 𝛼 − 𝜇 15 and generalized-K (GK) 16 fading channels is investigated in previous studies, 9,10 but no closed-form expressions have been obtained.…”