The X.509v3 is widely accepted digital certificate format proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for Internet applications. The size of the X.509v3 certificate with its extensions has now grown up significantly in the range of 1518 bytes to 200 kilobytes which is much beyond the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) sizes of Internet Protocol (IP) based link-layer technologies. The large certificate size leads to poor network performance due to the limited link-layer MTU sizes that causes IP fragmentation and longer Round Trip Time (RTT). We present a comprehensive capability review of X.509v3 digital certificate in light of the link-layer MTU sizes. We also investigate if this certificate format is capable to integrate and process multi-kilobytes long post-quantum key and signature as well as if this certificate size can be reduced to merely few hundred bytes for use by the resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices to realize a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) while keeping the network performance intact. In particular, we review the X.509v3 certificate transmission over the Ethernet and IPv6 over 6Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) networks with a focus on their link MTUs. We also present our recommendations to efficiently handle transmission of both large and small extreme sizes of the X.509v3 certificates over the link-layer MTUs of these technologies.