Aptamer Nanomaterials for Ovarian Cancer Target Theranostics

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is among the leading causes of gynecological cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis and an effective treatment strategy are the two primary means of improving the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The development of targeted nanomaterials provides a potentially efficient strategy for ovarian cancer theranostics. Aptamer nanomaterials have emerged as promising nanoplatforms for accurate ovarian cancer diagnosis by recognizing relevant biomarkers in the serum and/or on the surface of tumor cells, as well as for effective ovarian cancer inhibition via target protein blockade on tumor cells and targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize recent advances in aptamer nanomaterials as targeted theranostic platforms for ovarian cancer and discusses the challenges and opportunities for their clinical application. The information presented in this review represents a valuable reference for creation of a new generation of aptamer nanomaterials for use in the precise detection and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Computable structured aptamer for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer

“…Aptamers, which are screened from a random single-stranded DNA or RNA library ( Ellington and Szostak, 1990 ; Tuerk and Gold, 1990 ), have recently become popular for guiding delivery materials, such as Au nanoparticles ( Amouzadeh Tabrizi et al, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), quantum dots ( Kim et al, 2019 ; Zheng et al, 2019 ; Adegoke et al, 2020 ; Jamei et al, 2021 ), and organic polymers ( Hashemi et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Dai et al, 2021 ), to their intended location. In addition, aptamers efficiently bind to targets with high affinity and are low immunogenic ( Wu et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Hoosen et al, 2018 ; Zhu and Chen, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2022 ). AS1411 is a 26-nt DNA aptamer with a G-quadruplex structure that binds to nucleolin protein, whose expression in several cancer cells is much higher than that in normal cells, and is located on the surface of ovarian cancer cells, whereas it is normally located in the nucleus of other cancer cells ( Bates et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Yazdian-Robati et al, 2020 ; Tong et al, 2022 ).…”

Aptamers Versus Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): A New Battle against Ovarian Cancer

“…These approaches, Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 849 2 of 25 however, lack sensitivity and are time and money consuming. Thus, quick, easy-to-use, and highly accurate VEGF detection biosensors are essential [15][16][17].…”