Aptamers: Promising Reagents in Biomedicine Application

Abstract

Nucleic acid aptamers, often termed “chemical antibodies,” are short, single‐stranded DNA or RNA molecules, which are selected by SELEX. In addition to their high specificity and affinity comparable to traditional antibodies, aptamers have numerous unique advantages such as wider identification of targets, none or low batch‐to‐batch variations, versatile chemical modifications, rapid mass production, and lack of immunogenicity. These characteristics make aptamers a promising recognition probe for scientific research or even clinical application. Aptamer‐functionalized nanomaterials are now emerged as a promising drug delivery system for various diseases with decreased side‐effects and improved efficacy. In this review, the technological strategies for generating high‐affinity and biostable aptamers are introduced. Moreover, the development of aptamers for their application in biomedicine including aptamer‐based biosensors, aptamer–drug conjugates and aptamer functionalized nanomaterials is comprehensively summarized.

Computational Frontiers in Aptamer-Based Nanomedicine for Precision Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

“…Aptamers are a novel family of biorecognition elements with potential uses in therapeutic, diagnostic, and sensing fields shown in Figure . Their interaction with targets may enhance protein stability in addition to the resistance against denaturation. , Both the World Health Organisation and the National Institute of Health define biomarkers like any compound, structure, or procedure the fact that can be determined as the body while participating have an impact on or predict the likelihood of a condition or result. − Similarly, biomarkers are characteristics that are objectively determined and assessed as a representation of biological processes that are normal, pathogenic, or pharmacologic reactions to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarker discovery and validation is one of the most fascinating areas of biological research. , For this, a variety of proteomics techniques are used.…”

“…Their interaction with targets may enhance protein stability in addition to the resistance against denaturation. 167 , 168 Both the World Health Organisation and the National Institute of Health define biomarkers like any compound, structure, or procedure the fact that can be determined as the body while participating have an impact on or predict the likelihood of a condition or result. 169 − 171 Similarly, biomarkers are characteristics that are objectively determined and assessed as a representation of biological processes that are normal, pathogenic, or pharmacologic reactions to a therapeutic intervention.…”