Aqualithic Sites of the Middle Nile

Haaland, Randi

doi:10.1080/00672709309511648

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other archaeologists after Arkell described similar circumstances for most of the other sites investigated (Caneva 1983;Fernández et al 2003;Haaland 1987;Haaland and Magid 1995;Krzyzaniak 1975Krzyzaniak , 1976Krzyzaniak , 1979Krzyzaniak , 1984. This situation induced most archaeologists to adopt excavation methods based on arbitrary spits of 5, 10, 20 and, in some cases, even 60 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Since then, archaeological activities in the country multiplied and in three decades, from the 1970s to the 1990s, several monographs appeared, illustrating some of the peculiarities of the Sudanese Mesolithic culture and of the later Neolithic "pastoral" society. Sites like Saggai 1 (Caneva 1983), Kabbashi, El Qal'a, Umm Singid (Caneva et al 1993), Abu Darbein, Aneibis and El Damer (Haaland and Magid 1995), Shaqadud (Marks and Mohammed-Ali 1991), Sorurab 2 (Hakem and Khabir 1989), all to the north of Khartoum, Al Mahalab and Sheik Mustafa to the southeast (Fernández et al 2003), and Shabona to the south (Clark 1973(Clark , 1989 are the most representative of the Mesolithic period of central Sudan.…”

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mesolithic Site Formation and Palaeoenvironment Along the White Nile (Central Sudan)

2011

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The Mesolithic period represents a key stage in the human history of Sudan, but its complexity is not yet fully understood. Since the beginning of prehistoric research in this region, efforts were made to understand Mesolithic site formation processes and post-depositional disturbances. Responsibility for the destruction of most Mesolithic sites' deposits rests mainly on later use of the ancient mound-like settlements as burial places by Meroitic and post-Meroitic people. Excavations at several sites in the El Salha and Al Khiday areas (White Nile, south of Omdurman) have provided recent progress in our knowledge of Mesolithic living structures in their palaeoenvironmental contexts. Detailed stratigraphic and geoarchaeological investigations enabled us to distinguish, within the sequences identified at excavated mounds, the existence of basal archaeological strata still in situ that had remained unaffected by subsequent anthropogenic disturbances and to understand the functional aspects of several archaeological features associated with Mesolithic living floors. This offers the opportunity to reassess the Mesolithic cultural sequence in the region and reconsider some statements on the economic and social aspects of Mesolithic life and landscape exploitation strategies.Résumé La période mésolithique représente une étape clé dans l'histoire humaine du Soudan, mais elle n'est pas encore comprise dans toute sa complexité. Depuis le début des recherches préhistoriques dans cette région, les travaux ont cherché à élucider les processus de formation et perturbations post-dépositionnelles des sites mésolithiqes. Malheureusement, les dépôts de la plupart de ces sites sont perturbés. Ces destructions resultent en majorité de la réutilisation postérieure des buttes Afr Archaeol Rev (2011) 28:177-211

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mesolithic Site Formation and Palaeoenvironment Along the White Nile (Central Sudan)

2011

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“…If confirmed, this is a likely extension of the bone-point (Aqualithic) traditions distributed across Saharan Africa (Sutton 1974(Sutton , 1977, which included dotted-wavy line and wavy-line ceramics and had more restricted residential mobility patterns (Hoelzmann et al 2001;Kuper and Kröpelin 2006;Kuper and Riemer 2013). Dotted-wavy line pottery and barbed bone points have been previously associated with Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic) speakers (Ehret 1974(Ehret , 1993Haaland 1992Haaland , 1993, who maintained broad, regional exchange networks across northern Africa throughout the EMH (Barich 2002;Mohammed-Ali and Khabir 2003). By the end of the EMH, members of the AfroAsiatic (Cushitic) language family had expanded throughout northern Africa (Ehret 1974(Ehret , 1998Haaland 1992) replacing broad-spectrum foraging/fishing/animal husbandry with specialized forms of pastoralism in the Sahara (Barich 2002).…”

Section: Archaeological Evidence Within the Context Of Regional Climamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000 years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels Afr Archaeol Rev (2015) ensued after 9,000 years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000 years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research.Résumé Tout l'Holocène, le lac Turkana a été soumis à des changements drastiques dans l'altitude des lacs et les stratégies de subsistance des gens utilisent pour survivre dans cette région chaude et aride. Dans cet article, nous reconstruisons la position du lac au cours de l'Holocène dans un contexte paléoclimatique. Mécanismes de forçage atmosphériques sont discutées afin de contextualiser les changements de paysage plus larges qui se produisent en Afrique orientale au cours des 12.000 dernières années. L'Holocène est divisé en cinq phases principales en fonction des changements dans l'évolution altitude du lac, paléoclimats et les stratégies de subsistance humains pratiqués dans le bassin. Premiers établissements de pêche de l'Holocène ont eu lieu à proximité d'altitude d'eau élevés et relativement stables. Une période d'oscillations de grande amplitude dans l'altitude du lac s'ensuit après 9000 années BP et les établissements humains semblent avoir été situé à proximité des marges sur le lac. Aridification et une régression finale du altitude des lacs s'ensuit après 5000 années BP et les communautés humaines sont généralisées éleveurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs. Au cours de l'Holocène tardif, les altitudes des lacs pourraient avoir chuté en dessous de leur position actuelle et les stratégies de subsistance semblent avoir fait preuve de souplesse et de temps en temps spécialisé sur le pas...

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“…BC; see Caneva 1983a;Haaland, Magid 1995;Fernández et al 2003, 279;Honegger 2004;, the cemetery at Sphinx is characterised by the isolated occurrence of grave goods, among which shells of bivalves constitute the only recurring element. The total number of burials so far known at Sphinx has thus increased to 36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%