Aquaporins in the male reproductive system: A chance for paternity or a road to nowhere?

Abstract

Aquaporins—small, “unusual” proteins, whose discovery revolutionized the view of membrane transport of water and other small molecules, are essential for all living organisms. Aquaporins located in the male reproductive system seem to play a key role in the proper course of many processes occurring within it, thus maintaining a high reproductive potential.

Cellular Distribution of Aquaporin 3, 7 and 9 in the Male Reproductive System: A Lesson from Bovine Study (Bos taurus)

“…More than 20 years have passed since 2001, when Calamita and co-workers were among the first to draw attention to the fact that multiple aquaporins (AQPs) in the male reproductive system could play an important role in the normal course of reproductive processes [1]. Although over the years a number of interesting studies have been published, suggesting, among others, the involvement of AQPs in testicular development, spermatogenesis and sperm physiology, the significance of these proteins within male reproductive organs has still not been fully elucidated and proven [2]. Currently, in the face of the growing global increase in male infertility, both in humans and animals, and the necessity to explore new factors significantly affecting male reproductive potential, AQPs have become the focus of interest for many researchers.…”

Ultrastructure of the Bovine Testis in Cattle (Bos taurus): New View

“…The global increase in male infertility observed in recent years, both in humans and animals, has prompted the search for new solutions enabling the precise determination of male reproductive potential [1]. It can be very difficult or even impossible to define the probable cause of poor fertilization, especially in males with normal semen parameters and without abnormalities in both the anatomical and functional structure of the reproductive organs [2,3]. Hence, it has long been noted that the current standards and procedures are not sufficient to fully define male reproductive potential and the causes preventing successful fertilization.…”