Aquarium Maintenance Related Diseases

Sykes, António V.; Perkins, Kerry; Grigoriou, Panos; Almansa, E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11330-8_13

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…For instance, their delicate skin can be eventually harmed (particularly relevant for squids and cuttlefishes) when removed from the water ( Fiorito et al, 2014 ). A part from physical damage, stress caused by inadequate handling can promote a suppression of the immune response; in both cases, opportunistic secondary infections can eventually occur afterward ( Sykes et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, some cephalopod species may be difficult to manipulate without sedation or anesthesia ( Oestmann et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and Long-Term Effects of Anesthesia in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) Juveniles

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to explore different substances (or cold sea water) as potential anesthetic agents to facilitate short-term handling in Octopus maya juveniles. We investigated oxygen consumption before (baseline), during (first 600 s of exposure) and after anesthesia (recovery) of octopuses ( n = 98; 1.67 ± 0.5 g) exposed to cold sea water (SW; 11 and 13°C), ethanol (EtOH; 0.5; 1.5 and 3.0%), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ; 0.75; 1.5 and 3.75%), ethanol combined with magnesium chloride (Mix; 1.5:0.75%; 0.75:1.13%; and 2.25:0.37%) and clove oil (0.15 mL L –1 ). After exposure, the animals were handled for 180 s (exposed to air) and weighted. Two experimental groups not exposed to anesthetics (with or without handling) were also evaluated. The criteria for general anesthesia were analysed. Times of induction and recovery, incidence of attack response after recovery and possible longer-term effects of repeated general anesthesia on growth and mortality of the octopuses were evaluated. During anesthesia, O. maya juveniles exposed to SW (11 and 13°C), EtOH (0.5; 1.5 and 3.0%), Mix (0.75:1.13%), and clove oil, presented a significant decrease on oxygen consumption. In animals exposed to different concentrations of EtOH and Mix 0.75:1.13%, this decrease was registered after an increase on oxygen consumption. Animals exposed to MgCl 2 did not show significant changes on oxygen consumption, except for animals exposed MgCl 2 3.75%, which showed a significant increase on oxygen consumption. At the end of recovery, except for octopuses exposed to clove oil and MgCl 2 0.75%, the values of oxygen consumption observed were comparable to the ones registered during baseline. Animals exposed to SW 11°C, EtOH 3.0%, Mix 1.5:0.75% and MgCl 2 3.75% fulfilled the criteria defined for general anesthesia. Exposure to MgCl 2 (all concentrations), SW 13°C and clove oil reduced or inhibited the incidence of attack response after recovery. Except for animals exposed to clove oil, growth of the juveniles was not affected by the exposure to the different substances. Short-term handling (180 s) of O. maya juveniles can eventually be carried out without anesthesia. However, to facilitated handling, we suggest the use of EtOH 3.0% or cold sea water 11°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and Long-Term Effects of Anesthesia in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) Juveniles

et al. 2020

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“…As in many octopods, O. vulgaris females take care of the eggs during the whole embryonic development, venting, cleaning and protecting them from predators. Female care ensures high hatching rates and the production of viable hatchlings as incubating eggs without the female often resulted in the proliferation of pathogens (fungi and bacteria) on the eggs (EAG Vidal, personal observation) (39). Incubation without maternal care for small-egged Octopus species has therefore not always been possible.…”

Section: Replacing Maternal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

A practical staging atlas to study embryonic development of Octopus vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions

Deryckere

Styfhals

Vidal

et al. 2020

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BackgroundOctopus vulgaris has been an iconic cephalopod species for neurobiology research as well as for cephalopod aquaculture. It is one of the most intelligent and well-studied invertebrates, possessing both long- and short-term memory and the striking ability to perform complex cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, how the common octopus developed these uncommon features remains enigmatic. O. vulgaris females spawn thousands of small eggs and remain with their clutch during their entire development, cleaning, venting and protecting the eggs. In fact, eggs incubated without females usually do not develop normally, mainly due to biological contamination (fungi, bacteria, etc.). This high level of parental care might have hampered laboratory research on the embryonic development of this intriguing cephalopod. ResultsHere, we present a completely parameter-controlled artificial seawater standalone egg incubation system that replaces maternal care and allows successful embryonic development of a small-egged octopus species until hatching in a laboratory environment. We also provide a practical and detailed staging atlas based on bright-field and light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging for precise monitoring of embryonic development. The atlas has a comparative section to benchmark stages to the different scales published by Naef (1928), Arnold (1965) and Boletzky (2016). Finally, we provide methods to monitor health and wellbeing of embryos during organogenesis. ConclusionBesides introducing the study of O. vulgaris embryonic development to a wider community, this work can be a high-quality reference for comparative evolutionary developmental biology.

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