Aquatic Biota Is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

Abstract

Coronaviruses are pathogens recognized for having an animal origin, commonly associated with terrestrial environments. However, in a few cases, there are reports of their presence in aquatic organisms like fish, frogs, waterfowl, and marine mammals. None of these cases has led to human health effects when contact with these infected organisms has taken place, whether they were alive or dead. Aquatic birds seem to be the main group carrying and circulating these types of viruses among healthy bird populations. Although the route of infection for COVID-19 by water or aquatic organisms has not yet been observed in the wild, the relevance of its study is highlighted because there are cases of other viral infections known to have been transferred to humans by aquatic biota. It is encouraging to know that aquatic species, such as fish, marine mammals, and amphibians, show very few coronavirus cases. Some other aquatic animals may also be a possible source of cure or treatment against, as some evidence with algae and aquatic invertebrates suggest.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Residential Water Use Behavior in Japan

“…The global spread of the coronavirus may affect not only the ecosystems and urban infrastructures but also people's lifestyles. Several studies have already reported on the effect on ecosystems and urban infrastructure [1][2][3]. People's behaviors and lifestyles will also change due to the pandemic; if these behaviors remain changed, the design of urban infrastructure and housing facilities will be affected.…”