Uranium is a unique element, characterized by its dual role as a valuable resource and a source of significant hazards. Widely used in industry, research, and medicine, uranium has played a pivotal role in shaping modern science and technology. Since the discovery of its fission properties in the early twentieth century, uranium has gained attention as a powerful and influential element. Historically, uranium’s role in the discovery of radioactivity marked a turning point in scientific research, and its ability to release immense energy through nuclear fission has transformed human history. From its destructive potential in warfare to its peaceful applications in electricity generation via nuclear power plants, uranium has had a profound impact. Furthermore, it has advanced medical science through the production of isotopes for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic treatments. However, increased demand for uranium has led to expanded mining and milling processes, which pose public health risks due to environmental contamination. This chapter explores uranium’s legacy, highlighting its scientific significance while balancing the potential benefits with the inherent risks associated with its use. The discussion underscores the need for careful consideration and management of uranium’s dual nature as both a powerful resource and potential source of harm.