Aquatic macrophyte diversity of the Pantanal wetland and upper basin

Pott, Vali Joana; Pott, Arnildo; Lima, Laura Cristina Pires; Moreira, Suzana Neves; Oliveira, Ademir Kleber Morbeck de

doi:10.1590/s1519-69842011000200004

Cited by 99 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga, popularly known as African signal grass or tanner grass (USDA, 2013). This is a highly invasive grass native to Africa (USDA, 2013) and is currently found in several natural and artificial aquatic ecosystems in South America (Reinert et al, 2007;Pott et al, 2011). Due to its resemblance to another invasive grass, it has been also identified as Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and biomass of native macrophytes are negatively related to dominance of an invasive Poaceae in Brazilian sub-tropical streams

2013

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Diversity and biomass of native macrophytes are negatively related to dominance of an invasive Poaceae in Brazilian sub-tropical streamsA diversidade e a biomassa de macrófitas nativas são negativamente relacionadas com a dominância de uma Poaceae invasora em riachos sub-tropicais Abstract: Besides exacerbated exploitation, pollution, flow alteration and habitats degradation, freshwater biodiversity is also threatened by biological invasions. This paper addresses how native aquatic macrophyte communities are affected by the non-native species Urochloa arrecta, a current successful invader in Brazilian freshwater systems. We compared the native macrophytes colonizing patches dominated and non-dominated by this invader species. We surveyed eight streams in Northwest Paraná State (Brazil). In each stream, we recorded native macrophytes' richness and biomass in sites where U. arrecta was dominant and in sites where it was not dominant or absent. No native species were found in seven, out of the eight investigated sites where U. arrecta was dominant. Thus, we found higher native species richness, Shannon index and native biomass values in sites without dominance of U. arrecta than in sites dominated by this invader. Although difficult to conclude about causes of such differences, we infer that the elevated biomass production by this grass might be the primary reason for alterations in invaded environments and for the consequent impacts on macrophytes' native communities. However, biotic resistance offered by native richer sites could be an alternative explanation for our results. To mitigate potential impacts and to prevent future environmental perturbations, we propose mechanical removal of the invasive species and maintenance or restoration of riparian vegetation, for freshwater ecosystems have vital importance for the maintenance of ecological services and biodiversity and should be preserved.Keywords: signal grass, nvasive macrophytes, freshwater, biodiversity.Resumo: Juntamente com a exploração exacerbada, poluição, alteração de regime hidrológico e degradação de habitas as invasões biológicas são consideradas uma ameaça à biodiversidade dos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Nesse sentido, a Poaceae Urochloa arrecta é reconhecida como uma invasora bem sucedida em ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Nós comparamos bancos de macrófitas dominados e não-dominados por esta invasora. Foram amostrados oito córregos no noroeste do Estado do Paraná (Brasil). Em cada córrego registramos a riqueza e a biomassa de macrófitas nativas em locais onde U. arrecta era dominante e em locais onde ela não dominava ou era ausente. Em sete dos oito locais onde U. arrecta dominava, não haviam macrófitas nativas. Assim, encontramos maiores riqueza de espécies nativas, índice de Shannon e biomassa nativa nos locais não dominados por U. arrecta com relação aos locais dominados. Apesar da dificuldade em se extrair conclusões sobre as causas dessas diferenças, inferimos que a elevada biomassa da invasora pode ser a principal fonte de altera...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and biomass of native macrophytes are negatively related to dominance of an invasive Poaceae in Brazilian sub-tropical streams

2013

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“…The high incidence of grass species in floodplains is probably related to the tolerance to seasonal variations imposed by dry and flood periods, and even being able to present an epiphytic habit, allowing the establishment of other aquatic species (Pivari et al, 2008;Kozera et al, 2009;Rocha and Lins, 2009). Corroborating some surveys of aquatic plants in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, the families Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Onagraceae, Polygonaceae and Fabaceae were the most species-rich (Pivari et al, 2008;Kufner, 2009;Rodrigues, 2010;Pott et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of aquatic vegetation of a large lake, western border of the Brazilian Pantanal

et al. 2012

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Studies on Neotropical aquatic macrophytes have increased in recent decades, however species richness in wetlands of South America is far from being fully known. In addition, studies having an ecological approach are scarce in the Pantanal. Rapid assessments are essential for gaining knowledge of the biodiversity in the region. This study was performed in five sites of the Baía do Castelo, the western border of the Brazilian Pantanal, which included wild-rice patches, floating mats and floating meadows. At each site, plots of 0.5 × 0.5 m were set (n = 137), species of aquatic macrophytes were identified, their coverage was measured and the plot depth was estimated. We recorded 57 species in 26 families, of which Poaceae was the richest. The most frequent and abundant species was Commelina schomburgkiana; the second most frequent was Oryza latifolia,followed by Leersia hexandra, Enydra radicans and Pityrogramma calomelanos. The latter species was second in cover, followed by Pontederia rotundifolia, Eichhornia azurea, E. crassipes and Enydra radicans. These five species and C. schomburgkiana (the most abundant) together represent more than half of the coverage on the lake. Pontederia rotundifolia, Ludwigia helminthorrhiza, Pistia stratiotes, E. azurea, E. crassipes, Enydra radicans and Panicum elephantipes were strongly associated with deeper areas, while Oryza latifolia, Leersia hexandra and Salvinia auriculata were prevalent in shallow areas. Pityrogramma calomelanos, Ludwigia nervosa, Ipomoea alba, Cayaponia podantha, Polygonum acuminatum, Rhynchanthera novemnervia and Ludwigia leptocarpa were highly correlated with floating meadows. The structure of the habitat, natural dynamics and zonation of aquatic vegetation in the Baía do Castelo seems to be influenced by a variation in water levels, which promotes spatial segregation, most likely due to competition and/habitat preference.Keywords: aquatic macrophyte, Upper Paraguay basin, phytosociology, Pontederiaceae, wetland. Estrutura da vegetação aquática em uma grande lagoa, borda oeste do Pantanal brasileiro ResumoEstudos sobre macrófitas aquáticas Neotropicais aumentaram nas últimas décadas; todavia, a riqueza de espécies em áreas úmidas da América do Sul está longe de ser plenamente conhecida. Além disso, trabalhos com abordagem ecológica são escassos no Pantanal. Por essa razão, levantamentos rápidos são essenciais para o conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade. Este estudo foi realizado em cinco pontos na Baía do Castelo, borda oeste do Pantanal brasileiro, os quais incluíram arrozal, camalotal e baceiros. Em cada ponto, foram estabelecidas parcelas 0.5 × 0.5 m (n = 137), onde foram identificadas as espécies de macrófitas aquáticas, estimada a cobertura e tomada a profundidade.

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“…The Urochloa arrecta species, belonging to the Poaceae family, formerly described as Urochloa subquadripara (Thomaz et al, 2009a;Michelan et al, 2010;Alves and Barbosa, 2013), is from Africa, and it is perennial, infesting and common in several humid ecosystems (Pott et al, 2011;Wipff and Thompson, 2014). The species presents high efficiency in the use of resources, fast growth and resistance to temporary floods (Kissmann, 1997;Thomaz et al, 2009a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the Invasion of a Poaceae Species in Tropical Semiarid Reservoirs

2017

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-The species of the Urochloa genus, exotic and infesting in Brazilian waters, are known to be invasive and dominant, occupying from humid, shallow areas, and irrigation canals to margins of deep reservoirs. This paper hypothesis that less depth reservoirs have higher infestation rate and higher biomass of U. arrecta. The objectives were to measure the percentage of occurrence of exotic macrophyte U. arrecta in 40 ecosystems from the Mamanguape basin (Paraíba, Brazil) and determine the infestation of the species in two reservoirs. The acquired data were geo-referenced with the ArcGIS software (v. 9.3). A covariance analysis was performed using the R program (The R project is Statistical Computing). The results showed large spatial distribution of the species, indicating that reservoirs may act as steppingstones in the landscape, in a regional scale. The hypothesis of biotic acceptance is seen as a relevant factor in explaining the presence of the species with low percentage of occurrence in 37 out of the 40 sampled ecosystems, being observed only in areas prone to the colonization of native and naturalized macrophytes, in banks and points of lower declivity, in both spatial scales studied. Thus, factors such as environmental instability (promoted by intermittent or prolonged desiccation of the habitat), shadowing and declivity of the reservoirs synergistically acted on exotic and native species.Keywords: Urochloa arrecta, aquatic ecosystems, spatial scales. RESUMO -Espécies do gênero

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Aquatic macrophyte diversity of the Pantanal wetland and upper basin

Cited by 99 publications

References 9 publications

Diversity and biomass of native macrophytes are negatively related to dominance of an invasive Poaceae in Brazilian sub-tropical streams

Diversity and biomass of native macrophytes are negatively related to dominance of an invasive Poaceae in Brazilian sub-tropical streams

Structure of aquatic vegetation of a large lake, western border of the Brazilian Pantanal

Status of the Invasion of a Poaceae Species in Tropical Semiarid Reservoirs

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