Aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals in the Context of Sustainability: Cultivation Techniques, Integration, and Blue Revolution

Abstract

The aquaculture industry has rapidly increased in response to the increasing world population, with the appreciation that aquaculture products are beneficial for human health and nutrition. Globally, aquaculture organisms are mainly divided into two divisions, aquatic animals (finfish, crustaceans, and molluscs) and aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweed). Worldwide aquaculture production has reached more than 82 million tonnes (MTs) in 2018 with more than 450 cultured species. The development of economical, environmentally friendly, and large-scale feasible technologies to produce aquaculture organisms (even aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants) is an essential need of the world. Some aquaculture technologies are related to aquatic animals or aquatic plants, as well as some technologies have an integrated system. This integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals could be performed during early larvae rearing, on-growing and/or mass production. In the context of the blue revolution, the current review focuses on the generations of integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals, such as live feeds, biomass concentrates, water conditioners “green water technique”, aqua-feed additives, co-culturing technologies, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This review could shed light on the benefit of aquatic animals and plant integration, which could lead future low-cost, highly efficient, and sustainable aquaculture industry projects.

Growth Performance, Immune-Related and Antioxidant Genes Expression, and Gut Bacterial Abundance of Pacific White Leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Dietary Supplemented With Natural Astaxanthin

“…Recently, due to their high concentration of natural bioactive compounds, algal cells (microalgae and seaweeds) have attract great attention for utilization as feed additives, showing improvement in growth performance, feed utilization, and immunity stimulation of cultured animal species, besides improving the water quality ( Ashour et al, 2020 ; Ashour et al, 2021 ; Mabrouk et al, 2021 ; Zaki et al, 2021 ; Mansour et al, 2022 ). Depending on the algal strain, algal cells contain protein with high essential amino acid content, lipids with high unsaturated fatty acid levels, and carbohydrates (polysaccharides, etc.…”

The Optimization of Dietary Protein Level and Carbon Sources on Biofloc Nutritive Values, Bacterial Abundance, and Growth Performances of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Juveniles

“…However, shrimp farming still has critical limiting factors regarding expansion, such as the cost of a shrimp diet, among other aquaculture activities [3,4]. The most important obstacle is that the diet consists of protein content (%), which has the highest feed component price [5,6]. Biofloc technology (BFT) is a realistic solution for efficiently managing water quality with low or no water exchange, enhancing shrimp growth performance and establishing an efficient and healthy shrimp culture with a better food conversion ratio in the shrimp aquaculture business [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Dried Brown Seaweed’s Phytoremediation Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aquatic Environments

“…The maximum absorption of MBD was at around 665 nm [ 18 ]. Flocculation [ 31 ], coagulation [ 32 ], photocatalysis chemical precipitation [ 33 , 34 ], chemical oxidation [ 35 ], and ion exchange [ 36 ] are some of the treatment procedures used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater effluents.…”