Aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in surface waters in and adjacent to the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks: I. Hazard assessment and problem formulation

Carriger, John F.; Rand, Gary M.

doi:10.1007/s10646-008-0230-0

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…They concluded that concentrations determined may negatively affect marine plant communities (including coral symbionts) and given that over 70% of samples contained more than two herbicides, mixture toxicity should be addressed . This has been supported by previous reports of herbicide mixtures detected in the environment elsewhere (Carriger and Rand, 2008;. While the herbicides in the GBR lagoon may originate from a variety of sources (e.g.…”

Section: Herbicides Detected In the Gbrsupporting

confidence: 83%

Herbicide persistence and toxicity in the tropical marine environment

Mercurio¹

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Agricultural herbicides are ubiquitous in the nearshore water bodies of the World Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The main transport mechanism for herbicides is via offsite migration during intense monsoonal rainfall events of the wet season. However, some herbicides can be detected year round, indicating potentially long persistence. Despite the high mobility and potential toxicity of herbicides, there is very little information on the degradation of herbicides in the marine environment. This study was comprised of 4 major components: Finally, to assess the potential contribution of toxicity by transformation products of four priority PSII herbicides, I directly compared the acute toxicity of partially degraded herbicides iii (including transformation products) with their parent herbicide to: (i) coral symbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) and (ii) the green algae Dunaliella sp. (iii) prawn (Penaeus monodon) larvae.Concentration dependent effects on photosynthetic efficiency (∆F/Fm') by all parent herbicides was observed in both phototrophic test species. The toxicity in all degraded solutions could be accounted for by the measured concentrations of the parent compound apart from diuron. The increased potency of the degraded diuron solution may be due to transformation products; however, it was unlikely to be caused by the most well-known breakdown product 3,4-DCA, which did not inhibit ∆F/Fm' in Symbiodinium sp. at concentrations detected in the degraded mixture. Parent herbicides affected prawn larval metamorphosis only at unrealistically high concentrations (≥ 1000 µg l -1 ). In contrast, larval prawn metamorphosis was sensitive to the transformation products of atrazine, with both DIA and DEA, significantly inhibiting metamorphosis at 3.5 and 3.8 µg l -1 , respectively. These transformation products may have contributed to inhibition observed in the degraded atrazine mixtures. 3,4-DCA caused significant inhibition in metamorphosis at 188 µg l -1and was likewise more toxic to prawn larvae than its parent herbicide diuron.Reliable data on the persistence of chemicals is important for the development of fate models applied to the spatial and seasonal distribution of these chemicals and associated the much needed risk assessments for priority herbicides found in the GBR. The experiments found that: (i)PSII herbicides were more persistent in seawater than common non-PSII herbicides in the presence of natural microbial communities; (ii) environmental conditions including temperature, light and sediments has strong influences on degradation rates, probably due to differences in microbial communities and (iii) some but not all degradation mixtures can be more toxic to phototrophic and non-phototrophic species than expected from the contributions of the parent herbicides. These experiments generated some of the most relevant and reliable data available on the persistence of high priority herbicides but more information is needed to improve our understanding of the potential persistence of emerging pesticide...

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Section: Herbicides Detected In the Gbrsupporting

confidence: 83%

Herbicide persistence and toxicity in the tropical marine environment

Mercurio¹

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“…Taking into account that endosulfan levels have been reported in the range from 0.1 to 26 lg L -1 in ground and surface water near agroecosystems (Baudino et al 2003;Dalvie et al 2003;Wan et al 2005b;Leong et al 2007;Carriger & Rand 2008;Woudneh et al 2009;Leadprathom et al 2009), bioconcentration in embryos and larvae of R. arenarum could occur. Moreover, this phenomenon could be amplified by biomagnification and thus become a great concern not only as a risk to R. arenarum populations, which normally develop in those ecosystems, but also to trophically associated species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, these agroecosystems are continuously exposed to different types of toxic residues pesticides being relevant contaminants. The impact of endosulfan on Argentinean agroecosystems was significant in 2010 when 5.5 million liters of endosulfan were applied (CASAFE 2012) and residues frequently found in the environment in the range of 0.01-26 lg L -1 (Baudino et al 2003;Dalvie et al 2003;Wan et al 2005b;Leong et al 2007;Carriger and Rand 2008;Woudneh et al 2009;Leadprathom et al 2009;Etchegoyen 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Uptake of Endosulfan in the South American Toad Under Sublethal Exposure

Svartz

Marino

Ronco

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Agroecosystems are usually polluted with a wide variety of contaminants with pesticides being very frequently detected. Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, has been shown to cause both lethal and sublethal effects on aquatic organisms such as amphibians and especially on its early developmental stages. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan and its correlation with differential sensitivity in the early development stages of the common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum. Embryos and larvae were exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan for several periods of exposures. According to the developmental stage at which they were exposed, the uptake rate was different. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for embryos significantly decreased with exposure time and concentration (p < 0.05) reaching a BCF of ≤1679 for embryos at 96 h of exposure to 0.001 mg endosulfan L(-1). BCFs for larvae significantly increased with exposure time (p < 0.05) obtaining a maximum of 40 at 504 h. In our previous study, we reported that embryos were less sensitive to the effects of endosulfan than larvae, which is in line with the main tendency of embryos to bioconcentrate endosulfan as observed in this study.

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“…For LC 50 or EC 50 , only 24-96 h durations were included in the SSDs for fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and noncrustacean invertebrates, whereas durations up to 168 h were included in SSDs for hydrophytes and algae. At least four species should be included in the SSDs to represent species distribution of the ecosystem (Aldenberg 1993;Carriger and Rand 2008). When multiple toxicity concentrations were available for a given species, the geometric mean was taken (Solomon et al 2000).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing ecological risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water from Lake Taihu, China

Guo

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Lake Taihu provides vital ecological services for humans in China; it receives a great deal of attention regarding its ecological and environmental conditions. In this study, the ecological risks of eight individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water were assessed using probabilistic distributions of the hazard quotient based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the 95th percentile of the hazard quotients ranged from 0.00074 to 2.831, and the ecological risk of Flua was highest, followed by, in descending order of risk, B[a]P > Pyr > Ant> Phe > Flu > Ace > Chr. The probabilities of hazard quotients exceeding a decision criteria of 0.3 were 18.09%, 6.51%, 3.76%, and 2.85% for Flua, B[a]P, Pyr, and Ant, respectively, indicating their potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The spatial distribution of hazard quotients for these four individual PAHs with potential ecological risk were obtained using Geographic Information System (GIS), and similar spatial distribution patterns were also observed in the lake. The highest ecological risks of these four individual PAHs to aquatic organisms were found in Meiliang Bay, followed by Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay. The uncertainty within the ecological risk assessment was also discussed.

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Aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in surface waters in and adjacent to the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks: I. Hazard assessment and problem formulation

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

Herbicide persistence and toxicity in the tropical marine environment

Herbicide persistence and toxicity in the tropical marine environment

Differential Uptake of Endosulfan in the South American Toad Under Sublethal Exposure

Characterizing ecological risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water from Lake Taihu, China

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