Aquatic‐to‐terrestrial habitat shift reduces energy expenditure in newts

Kristín, Peter; Gvoždı́k, Lumı́r

doi:10.1002/jez.1849

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Indeed, greater aggressiveness towards heterospecifics rather than conspecifics has been reported in other juvenile salamanders 20, 21, 28 . Newts, however, lower their SMR after transition from the aquatic to terrestrial phase 29 or from the active season to wintering 30 , suggesting that low maintenance costs are important for their economic lifestyle. From this viewpoint, elevated SMR constitutes a previously hidden cost of heterospecific competitive interactions rather than an advantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costly neighbours: Heterospecific competitive interactions increase metabolic rates in dominant species

Janča

Gvoždı́k

2017

Sci Rep

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The energy costs of self-maintenance (standard metabolic rate, SMR) vary substantially among individuals within a population. Despite the importance of SMR for understanding life history strategies, ecological sources of SMR variation remain only partially understood. Stress-mediated increases in SMR are common in subordinate individuals within a population, while the direction and magnitude of the SMR shift induced by interspecific competitive interactions is largely unknown. Using laboratory experiments, we examined the influence of con- and heterospecific pairing on SMR, spontaneous activity, and somatic growth rates in the sympatrically living juvenile newts Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris. The experimental pairing had little influence on SMR and growth rates in the smaller species, L. vulgaris. Individuals exposed to con- and heterospecific interactions were more active than individually reared newts. In the larger species, I. alpestris, heterospecific interactions induced SMR to increase beyond values of individually reared counterparts. Individuals from heterospecific pairs and larger conspecifics grew faster than did newts in other groups. The plastic shift in SMR was independent of the variation in growth rate and activity level. These results reveal a new source of individual SMR variation and potential costs of co-occurrence in ecologically similar taxa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costly neighbours: Heterospecific competitive interactions increase metabolic rates in dominant species

Janča

Gvoždı́k

2017

Sci Rep

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“…While several papers have included activity measures in MR-temperature experiments, these studies have typically been interested only in the presence or absence of activity, focussing on the time-point that activity ceases during temperature ramping protocols (Folk et al 2007;Lighton 2007;Lighton and Turner 2004;Stevens et al 2010). To our knowledge, there are only two empirical studies that include some interpretation of how temperature and activity combine to drive MR; however, this issue was not the focus of those studies, and in each case the data represent just three temperatures (Kristin and Gvozdik 2014;Lyons et al 2013). Therefore, the effects of temperature on activity levels, and thus AMR, and in some species RMR as well, are presently poorly documented.…”

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confidence: 88%

The interactions between temperature and activity levels in driving metabolic rate: theory, with empirical validation from contrasting ectotherms

et al. 2015

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The rate of change in resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of a temperature increase of 10 °C is termed the temperature coefficient (Q10), which is often used to predict how an organism's total MR will change with temperature. However, this method neglects a potentially key component of MR; changes in activity level (and thus activity MR; AMR) with temperature may significantly alter the relationship between MR and temperature. The present study seeks to describe how thermal effects on total MR estimated from RMR-temperature measurements can be misleading when the contribution of activity to total MR is neglected. A simple conceptual framework illustrates that since the relationship between activity levels and temperature can be different to the relationship between RMR and temperature, a consistent relationship between RMR and total MR cannot be assumed. Thus the thermal effect on total MR can be considerably different to the thermal effect on RMR. Simultaneously measured MR and activity from three ectotherm species with differing behavioural and physiological ecologies were used to empirically examine how changes in temperature drive changes in RMR, activity level, AMR and the Q10 of MR. These species exhibited varied activity- and MR-temperature relationships, underlining the difficulty in predicting thermal influences on activity levels and total MR. These data support a model showing that thermal effects on total MR will deviate from predictions based solely on RMR; this deviation will depend upon the difference in Q10 between AMR and RMR, and the relative contribution of AMR to total MR. To develop mechanistic, predictive models for species' metabolic responses to temperature changes, empirical information about the relationships between activity levels, MR and temperature, such as reported here, is required. This will supersede predictions based on RMR alone.

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“…To reduce the influence of ecological factors on individual phenotypic variation, newts were captured near Jihlava, Czech Republic, in April 2011, that is, 8 months prior to the beginning of metabolic trials (December 2011). Adult newts [ n = 24; snout–vent length = 47 ± 4 mm (mean ± standard deviation); body mass = 2.85 ± 0.77 g; sex ratio = 0.5] were placed to 18‐L aquaria (one male and one female newt per tank) and kept in semiaquatic conditions at 12–22°C (diel temperature fluctuations), and with a natural lighting cycle (see Kristín & Gvoždík, , for further details). Four weeks prior to the beginning of overwintering, the temperature was gradually reduced to 4 ± 1°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in amphibian metabolic rates during overwintering: implications for a warming world

Kristín

Gvoždı́k

2014

Journal of Zoology

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Metabolic rates (MRs) vary consistently among individuals within a population, providing raw material for natural selection. Although individual energy demands may play an increasingly important role for ectotherm survival under warmer and more variable winter conditions, whether individual variation in MRs persists during overwintering is virtually unknown. Here, we repeatedly measured MR in wintering Alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris to (1) confirm the consistent individual variation in this trait; (2) test whether the individual differences in MR affect body mass loss during overwintering. The individual identity of newts explained 72% of variation in mass-and-activity-corrected MR. Newts with a high MR lost a higher proportion of their initial body mass than individuals with lower metabolic demands. We conclude that the consistent individual variation in MR during overwintering is an important predictor of spring body condition in newts. This provides a new perspective on intraindividual variation in MRs as a mediator of winter climate change on the dynamics of ectotherm populations.

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Aquatic‐to‐terrestrial habitat shift reduces energy expenditure in newts

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Costly neighbours: Heterospecific competitive interactions increase metabolic rates in dominant species

Costly neighbours: Heterospecific competitive interactions increase metabolic rates in dominant species

The interactions between temperature and activity levels in driving metabolic rate: theory, with empirical validation from contrasting ectotherms

Individual variation in amphibian metabolic rates during overwintering: implications for a warming world

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