Aquatic toxicity testing of liquid hydrophobic chemicals – Passive dosing exactly at the saturation limit

Stibany, Felix; Schmidt, Stine Nørgaard; Schäffer, Andreas; Mayer, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.014

Cited by 30 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the average amount of oil sorbed for the 2 sizes of O‐rings was 235 and 9 mg, respectively. These results are in general agreement with the study by Stibany et al (), who reported that direct immersion of O‐rings in the hydrocarbon liquid, n‐dodecylbenzene, resulted in 14.5% by weight swelling with equilibrium achieved within 24 h. The higher degree of swelling observed reflects the apparent greater solubility of the crude oil investigated in the present study in silicone.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Passive dosing yields dissolved aqueous exposures of crude oil comparable to the CROSERF (Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum) water accommodated fraction method

Bera

Parkerton

Redman

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum's water accommodated fraction procedure was compared with 2 alternative techniques in which crude oil was passively dosed from silicone tubing or O-rings. Fresh Macondo oil (MC252) was dosed at 30 mg/L using each approach to investigate oil dissolution kinetics, which was monitored by fluorometry as estimated oil equivalents (EOEs). Subsequent experiments with each dosing method were then conducted at multiple oil loadings. Following equilibration, test media were analytically characterized for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and dissolved oil using biomimetic solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The results showed that equilibrium was achieved within 72 h for all methods. Measured PAH concentrations were compared with oil solubility model predictions of dissolved exposures. The concentration and composition of measured and predicted dissolved PAHs varied with oil loading and were consistent between dosing methods. Two-dimensional GC compositional data for this oil were then used to calculate dissolved toxic units for predicting MC252 oil acute toxicity across the expected range of species sensitivities. Predicted toxic units were nonlinear with loading and correlated to both EOE and biomimetic SPME. Passive dosing methods provide a practical strategy to deliver and maintain dissolved oil concentrations while avoiding the complicating role that droplets can introduce in exposure characterization and test interpretation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2810-2819. © 2018 SETAC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A second passive dosing format involves application of silicone O‐rings. This approach has been used for dosing single hydrophobic compounds and defined mixtures (Smith et al ; Renegar et al ; Knap et al ; Stibany et al ) and has recently been extended to investigate the in vitro toxicity of selected fuels (Heger et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive dosing yields dissolved aqueous exposures of crude oil comparable to the CROSERF (Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum) water accommodated fraction method

Bera

Parkerton

Redman

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…For liquid test chemicals, the silicone polymer can be saturated by direct immersion of the polymer in the pure liquid chemical. After carefully cleaning the polymer surface, the saturated polymer can be used as partitioning donor to saturate water [42]. Volatile liquid substances can even by themselves serve as partitioning donor to saturate water.…”

Section: Determining Water Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the water solubility of difficult-to-test substances: A tutorial review

Birch

Redman²,

Letinski

et al. 2019

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…associated with the hydrophobicity/solubility of the chemical; ii) perform, in similar conditions as the toxicity assay, an analytical determination of the concentrations, at least for the stock solutions and whenever possible for all dilutions made in the test medium. In the case of highly hydrophobic chemicals (log K OW > 5), specific methods like passive dosing should be considered (Brown et al, 2001;Vicquelin et al, 2011;Stibany et al, 2017bStibany et al, , 2017a to avoid a distorted EC estimation.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstrating the need for chemical exposure characterisation in a microplate test system: toxicity screening of sixteen pesticides on two marine microalgae

et al. 2019

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Pesticides used in viticulture create a potential risk for the aquatic environment due to drift during application, runoff and soil leaching. The toxicity of sixteen pesticides and one metabolite were evaluated on the growth of two marine microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi, in 96-h exposure assays conducted in microplates. For each substance, concentrations of stock solutions were analytically measured and abiotic assays were performed to evaluate the chemical stability of pesticides in microplates. For two chemicals, microalgae exposures were run simultaneously in microplates and culture flasks to compare EC 50 calculated from the two exposure systems. Results from chemical analyses demonstrated the low stability of hydrophobic pesticides (log K OW > 3). For such chemicals, EC 50 values calculated using measured pesticide concentrations were twofold lower than those first estimated using nominal concentrations. Photosystem II inhibitors were the most toxic herbicides, with EC 50 values below 10 μg L −1 for diuron and around double this for isoproturon. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the only insecticide to significantly affect the growth of T. lutea, with an EC 50 around 400 μg L −1. All fungicides tested were significantly toxic to both species: strobilurins showed low overall toxicity, with EC 50 values around 400 μg L −1 , whereas quinoxyfen, and spiroxamine, showed high toxicity to both species, especially to T. lutea, with an EC 50 below 1 μg L −1 measured for spiroxamine in culture flasks. This study highlights the need to perform chemical analyses for reliable toxicity assessment and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using microplates as a toxicity screening tool. 2 Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site. Highlights ► The toxicity of 17 pesticides was tested on two microalgae species. ► A microplate assay was developed for accurate determination of EC 50 values. ► Analytical measurement of exposure concentrations was performed. ► Significant differences between nominal and measured concentrations were found. ► Four herbicides, one insecticide and four fungicides showed significant toxicity.

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Aquatic toxicity testing of liquid hydrophobic chemicals – Passive dosing exactly at the saturation limit

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Passive dosing yields dissolved aqueous exposures of crude oil comparable to the CROSERF (Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum) water accommodated fraction method

Passive dosing yields dissolved aqueous exposures of crude oil comparable to the CROSERF (Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum) water accommodated fraction method

Determining the water solubility of difficult-to-test substances: A tutorial review

Demonstrating the need for chemical exposure characterisation in a microplate test system: toxicity screening of sixteen pesticides on two marine microalgae

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