Aquatic Toxicology of Perfluorinated Chemicals

Giesy, John P.; Naile, Jonathan E.; Khim, Jong Seong; Jones, Paul D.; Newsted, John L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5_1

Cited by 155 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The aquatic toxicology of PFAAs had been investigated by previous studies involving drinking water and aquatic organisms (Giesy et al, 2010;Zushi et al, 2012). Lin et al (2010) assessed the environmental risk of PFOA and PFOS in Nanmen River water and indicated that PFOS concentrations up to 6.05 μg/L posed great risk to local ecosystem.…”

Section: Preliminary Environmental Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

Zhao

Tang

Xie³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Preliminary Environmental Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

Zhao

Tang

Xie³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The generally slow movement of groundwater makes this environment more of a sink, while contamination of surface water can lead to widespread dissemination (Lin et al, 2015). High concentrations of PFAAs in surface and ground water could pose not only a potential health risk via consumption of drinking water but also a risk to wildlife in aquatic ecosystems (Mak et al, 2009;Giesy et al, 2010). PFAAs are not readily removed by conventional drinking-water treatment processes (Eschauzier et al, 2012;Xiao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment and source identification of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface and ground water: Spatial distribution around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park, China

Liu

Lü

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

134

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) can be released to water bodies during manufacturing and application of PFAA-containing products. In this study, the contamination pattern, attenuation dynamics, sources, pathways, and risk zoning of PFAAs in surface and ground water was examined within a 10 km radius from a mega-fluorochemical industrial park (FIP). Among 12 detected PFAAs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated, followed by shorter-chained perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). PFAA-containing waste was discharged from the FIP, with levels reaching 1.86 mg/L in the nearby rivers flowing to the Bohai sea together with up to 273 μg/L in the local groundwater in the catchment. These levels constitute a human health risks for PFOA and other shorter-chained PFCAs within this location. The concentrations of ∑PFAAs in surface water strongly correlated with the local groundwater. The dominant pollution pathways of PFAAs included (i) discharge into surface water then to groundwater through seepage, and (ii) atmospheric deposition from the FIP, followed by infiltration to groundwater. As the distance increased from the source, PFAAs levels in groundwater showed a sharp initial decrease followed by a gentle decline. The contamination signal from the FIP site on PFAAs in groundwater existed within a radius of 4 km, and at least 3 km from the polluted Dongzhulong River. The major controlling factor in PFAA attenuation processes was likely to be dilution together with dispersion and adsorption to aquifer solids. The relative abundance of PFOA (C8) declined while those of shorter-chained PFCAs (C4-C6) increased during surface water seepage and further dispersion in groundwater.

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“…In this study, the environmental risks of PFOS in this region were assessed by comparing the modeled concentrations with environmental quality criteria or standard values. Since official environmental quality criteria or standard values for PFOS are not available in China yet, several water quality regulatory guideline values, which are officially issued in foreign countries or proposed in research papers (EU, 2011;Giesy et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2014), were used for comparison in this study. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) divides water quality criteria values into criteria maximum concentrations (CMC) and criteria continuous concentrations (CCC), which are defined as the highest concentration of PFOS in surface water used to protect aquatic life from acute and chronic effects.…”

Section: Environmental Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) divides water quality criteria values into criteria maximum concentrations (CMC) and criteria continuous concentrations (CCC), which are defined as the highest concentration of PFOS in surface water used to protect aquatic life from acute and chronic effects. The CMC (21 μg/L), CCC (5.1 μg/L) and Avian Wildlife Value (AWV = 47 ng/L) for PFOS were first calculated by Giesy et al (2010). A much tougher concentration limit for PFOS in surface water was set in the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), which was 0.65 ng/L for annual averaged value (EU, 2011).…”

Section: Environmental Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fate and transfer fluxes were also analyzed using model predictions, and the influence of the seasonal fresh water fluxes on the model results was also assessed. Finally, a preliminary risk assessment of PFOS in fresh water in the region was made by comparing model predicted concentrations with available water quality criteria values (EU, 2011;Giesy et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2014). As an exploratory study on modeling the fate and transport of PFOS at regional scale, this paper will present valuable experience for modeling other hydrophilic and nonvolatile organic pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the fate, transport and risk of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in a coastal region of China using a multimedia model

Liu

Lü

Xie

et al. 2015

Environment International

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Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and related substances have been widely applied in both industrial processes and domestic products in China. Exploring the environmental fate and transport of PFOS using modeling methods provides an important link between emission and multimedia diffusion which forms a vital part in the human health risk assessment and chemical management for these substances. In this study, the gridded fugacity based BETR model was modified to make it more suitable to model transfer processes of PFOS in a coastal region, including changes to PFOS partition coefficients to reflect the influence of water salinity on its sorption behavior. The fate and transport of PFOS in the Bohai coastal region of China were simulated under steady state with the modified version of the model. Spatially distributed emissions of PFOS and related substances in 2010 were estimated and used in these simulations. Four different emission scenarios were investigated, in which a range of half-lives for PFOS related substances were considered. Concentrations of PFOS in air, vegetation, soil, fresh water, fresh water sediment and coastal water were derived from the model under the steady-state assumption. The median modeled PFOS concentrations in fresh water, fresh water sediment and soil were 7.20 ng/L, 0.39 ng/g and 0.21 ng/g, respectively, under Emission Scenario 2 (which assumed all PFOS related substances immediately degrade to PFOS) for the whole region, while the maximum concentrations were 47.10 ng/L, 4.98 ng/g and 2.49 ng/g, respectively. Measured concentration data for PFOS in the Bohai coastal region around the year of 2010 were collected from the literature. The reliability of the model results was evaluated by comparing the range of modeled concentrations with the measured data, which generally matched well for the main compartments. Fate and transfer fluxes were derived from the model based on the calculated inventory within the compartments, transfer fluxes between compartments and advection fluxes between sub-regions. It showed that soil and costal water were likely to be the most important sinks of PFOS in the Bohai costal region, in which more than 90% of PFOS was stored. Flows of fresh water were the driving force for spatial transport of PFOS in this region. Influences of the seasonal change of fresh water fluxes on the model results were also analyzed. When only seasonal changes of the fresh water flow rates were considered, concentrations of PFOS in winter and spring were predicted to be higher than that under annual average conditions, while the concentrations in summer and autumn were lower. For PFOS fluxes entering the sea, opposite conclusions were drawn compared to the concentrations. Environmental risks from the presence of PFOS in fresh water were assessed for this region through comparison with available water quality criteria values. The predicted concentrations of PFOS in the Bohai coastal region provided by the model were lower than the water quality criteria published by the United States ...

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Aquatic Toxicology of Perfluorinated Chemicals

Cited by 155 publications

References 47 publications

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

Risk assessment and source identification of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface and ground water: Spatial distribution around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park, China

Exploring the fate, transport and risk of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in a coastal region of China using a multimedia model

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