Aqueous and lipid nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiles of the earthworm <i>Aporrectodea caliginosa</i> show potential as an indicator species for environmental metabolomics

Brown, Jeffrey N.; Samuelsson, Linda M.; Bernardi, Giuliana; Gooneratne, Ravi; Larsson, D. G. Joakim

doi:10.1002/etc.2680

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is a potentially important issue because nearly 80% of the soil animal biomass consists of earthworms, which are key members of the soil ecosystem because of their important role in soil development and maintenance [6]. Earthworms can serve as model organisms to detect soil contamination because they readily ingest pollutants or absorb them through their skin [7,8]. A major goal of ecotoxicology studies is thus to determine the impact of exposure on the behavior, reproduction, growth, and survival of the earthworms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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Although metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M are widely used fungicides, very little is known about their subacute and enantiospecific effects on the earthworm metabolome. In this study, Eisenia fetida were exposed to metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at three concentrations (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) for seven days. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based untargeted metabolomics showed that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure disturbed earthworms’ metabolism at all three concentrations. Endogenous metabolites, such as succinate, arginine, aspartate, urea, asparagine, alanine, trimethylamine, taurine, cysteine, serine, threonine, histidine, lysine, glucose, choline, carnitine, citric acid, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, fumaric acid and so on, were significantly changed. These results indicate that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M produce different, enantiospecific disturbances in the earthworm metabolism, particularly in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles. The application of untargeted metabolomics thus provides more information for evaluating the toxic risks of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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“…Because the AMW extraction procedure allows both nonpolar and polar compounds to be extracted, there is valuable information that would be missed in a solely polar extraction. While it does not constitute a large portion of metabolomics studies, lipid metabolomics has provided specific insight in studies using earthworms and fathead minnows and should be considered in future studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an NMR microprobe procedure for high‐throughput environmental metabolomics of Daphnia magna

Nagato

Lankadurai

Soong

et al. 2015

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the primary platform used in high-throughput environmental metabolomics studies because its non-selectivity is well suited for non-targeted approaches. However, standard NMR probes may limit the use of NMR-based metabolomics for tiny organisms because of the sample volumes required for routine metabolic profiling. Because of this, keystone ecological species, such as the water flea Daphnia magna, are not commonly studied because of the analytical challenges associated with NMR-based approaches. Here, the use of a 1.7-mm NMR microprobe in analyzing tissue extracts from D. magna is tested. Three different extraction procedures (D2O-based buffer, Bligh and Dyer, and acetonitrile : methanol : water) were compared in terms of the yields and breadth of polar metabolites. The D2O buffer extraction yielded the most metabolites and resulted in the best reproducibility. Varying amounts of D. magna dry mass were extracted to optimize metabolite isolation from D. magna tissues. A ratio of 1-1.5-mg dry mass to 40 µl of extraction solvent provided excellent signal-to-noise and spectral resolution using (1)H NMR. The metabolite profile of a single daphnid was also investigated (approximately 0.2 mg). However, the signal-to-noise of the (1)H NMR was considerably lower, and while feasible for select applications would likely not be appropriate for high-throughput NMR-based metabolomics. Two-dimensional NMR experiments on D. magna extracts were also performed using the 1.7-mm NMR probe to confirm (1)H NMR metabolite assignments. This study provides an NMR-based analytical framework for future metabolomics studies that use D. magna in ecological and ecotoxicity studies.

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“…The samples were vortexed and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 min. Finally, the supernatants were transferred to 5 mm NMR tubes for 1 H NMR analysis 60–62 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Responses of Eisenia Fetida to Individual Pb and Cd Contamination in Two Types of Soils

Tang

Ding

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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To characterize the potential toxicity of low Pb- and Cd-contaminated arable soils, earthworms were exposed to Pb contaminated ferrosol, cambosol or Cd contaminated ferrosol for two weeks. Polar metabolites of earthworms were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance. Data were then analyzed with principal component analysis followed by orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares-discriminant analysis and univariate analysis to determine possible mechanisms for the changes in metabolites. The survival rates, metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of the earthworms were also measured and calculated as auxiliary data. The results showed that the metabolite profiles were highly similar in Pb-contaminated ferrosol and cambosol (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.0001), which can be attributed to similar response mechanisms. However, there was a more intense response in ferrosol likely due to higher Pb concentrations in earthworms. Metabolic pathways and BAFs exhibited apparent distinctions between Pb- and Cd-contaminated ferrosol, likely because they bind to different bio-ligands. The affected metabolic pathways were involved in alanine-aspartate-glutamate, purine, glutathione, valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Regarding the bioavailability in earthworms, Pb availability was higher for ferrosol than for cambosol. We confirmed that the potential toxicity of low Pb/Cd-contaminated soils can be characterized using earthworm metabolomics.

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Aqueous and lipid nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiles of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa show potential as an indicator species for environmental metabolomics

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Development of an NMR microprobe procedure for high‐throughput environmental metabolomics of Daphnia magna

Metabolic Responses of Eisenia Fetida to Individual Pb and Cd Contamination in Two Types of Soils

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