Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates Functional Dyspepsia through Regulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Microbiome In Vivo

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits were extracted by a hot water assistant with ultrasonication to obtain aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE). The ameliorating functional dyspepsia (FD) effect of a low dose (150 mg/kg) and a high dose (300 mg/kg) of APE was exhibited by determining the gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiome shifts in reserpine induced FD male balb/c mice. APE increased the gastrointestinal motility including the gastric emptying (GE) rate and small intestinal transit (SIT) rate. The level of serum gastrointestinal hormones such as motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) increased, and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level decreased after the administration of APE. Furthermore, the gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that APE could regulate the microbiome structure and restore homeostasis by elevating useful bacterial abundance, while simultaneously decreasing harmful bacterial abundance. This study demonstrated the ameliorating FD effect of APE and its potential efficacy in curing functional gastrointestinal disorders and maintaining a healthy digestive tract.

Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis-Ameliorating Effect of Aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract through Regulating Colonic Cell Gene Expression and Gut Microbiomes

“…The extract ratio of APE was about 55%, and the total sugar and phenolic contents of APE were detected as previously described and obtained results of 23.6 and 30.77%, respectively . A further phytochemical study of APE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF–MS) detected a total of 235 compounds under positive and negative ion modes, with the total ion chromatogram (TIC) exhibited in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information.…”

“…The selected dose of APE was based on a previous experiment, which was equivalent to about 4 and 8 g of dry P. emblica fruit/day in a 60 kg person, respectively.…”

“…APE Improved Colitic Symptoms. The selected dose of APE was based on a previous experiment, 26 which was equivalent to about 4 and 8 g of dry P. emblica fruit/day in a 60 kg person, respectively. These doses were within the dietary recommendation doses.…”

“…The extract ratio of APE was about 55%, and the total sugar and phenolic contents of APE were detected as previously described and obtained results of 23.6 and 30.77%, respectively. 26 A further phytochemical study of APE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC−Q-TOF−MS) detected a total of 235 compounds under positive and negative ion modes, with the total ion chromatogram (TIC) exhibited in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information. The analysis and identification of the compounds in APE used the software of Agilent MassHunt MassBank and other public databases, such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Chem-Spider (http://www.chemspider.com/), and mzCloud (https://www.mzcloud.org/).…”

The Probiotic Combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 and Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 Alleviates Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder via Improving Gut Microbiota

“…The length distribution for amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) was determined ( Figure 5 A). Those in all samples would mainly range from 400 bp to 450 bp without abnormal sequence [ 27 ]. According to Figure 5 B, it could be found that there were 557 ASVs in all groups, which were comprised of core intestinal microbiota in mice.…”