Aqueous Humor Antimicrobial Activity:<i>In Vitro</i>Analysis after Topical 0.5% Chloramphenicol Application

Cagini, Carlo; Dragoni, Annalisa; Orsolini, Giampaolo; Fiore, Tito; Beccasio, Alfredo; Spadea, Leopoldo; Moretti, Amedeo; Mencacci, Antonella

doi:10.1080/02713683.2016.1256414

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] These studies were often correlated with the definition of therapeutic capabilities of the different compounds to optimise their use and promote a correct therapeutic attitude. 15,[22][23][24] Our results suggest that high concentrations in the eye drops are required to significantly change the concentration of hydrocortisone in the anterior chamber. Even if the complications or adverse effects related to both the low-and high-concentration treatments were not studied, we can suggest that eye drops with a low concentration of hydrocortisone could represent an adequate and safe option for a prolonged treatment in those conditions when we can observe a mild-to-moderate chronic ocular surface inflammation associated with lacrimal tears alteration, as dry eye disease or after routine cataract surgery, as their administration does not appear to change the anterior chamber concentration of hydrocortisone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Kinetics of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate penetration into the human aqueous humor after topical application

Cagini

Muzi

Castellucci

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

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Aim of the study Hydrocortisone is a soft steroid with low anti‐inflammatory properties and a short duration of action, used to manage several ocular conditions. The clinical benefits and side effects associated with hydrocortisone are well documented, but its basic pharmacokinetic in the eye is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anterior chamber penetration capabilities of hydrocortisone when used in different concentrations as eye drops treatment. Materials and Methods This is a double‐blind, single‐centre, randomised clinical trial performed at the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Perugia (Italy) on consecutive patients who undergone phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Patients were randomly assigned on the morning of surgery to receive a single instillation of 0.33% (group A) or 0.001% (group B) hydrocortisone sodium phosphate solution. Group of patients C did not receive any treatment and was used to measure the hydrocortisone endogenous levels. Before surgery, one aliquot of aqueous humor for each patient was aspirated. The time of collection for each sample was recorded. Hydrocortisone concentrations were then stratified into six interval classes of 30 minutes each. Results The mean concentration of hydrocortisone was significantly higher in group A (25.2 ± 12.4 ng/mL) compared with group B (7.11 ± 1.51 ng/mL) and compared with the mean hydrocortisone endogenous levels (3.92 ± 1.18 ng/mL) (P < .0001). No statistically significant differences of hydrocortisone mean concentrations between group B and the mean endogenous levels were found. Conclusions Considering the frequent need for prolonged topical steroid therapies and the possible consequent undesirable side effects, ophthalmologists should consider the lowest clinically effective dose of hydrocortisone useful to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and in an adequate time, to minimise the amount of steroids into the anterior chamber and to avoid side effects like intra‐ocular pressure increase or cataract development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…These studies were often correlated with the definition of therapeutic capabilities of the different compounds to optimise their use and promote a correct therapeutic attitude. 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate penetration into the human aqueous humor after topical application

Cagini

Muzi

Castellucci

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

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“…Also, in the postoperative period it has to maintain its impermeability avoiding the wound leak and reducing the endophthalmitis risks. In fact, it has widely shown that during a postoperative wound leak the efficacy of topical or systemic antibiotics in controlling an eventual postoperative bacterial infection is reduced [8,9,10]. It has been shown that during the cataract surgery an increase of the main wound width can be induced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that during the cataract surgery an increase of the main wound width can be induced. [8,9]. Some authors suggested that corneal incision enlargement was due to instrument manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal incision width after lens implantation: Comparing delivery systems

Cagini

Perri

Napoli

et al. 2018

Journal of EuCornea

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Purpose: to compare corneal incision width after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (IOL) using different delivery systems.Methods: one hundred and seventeen patients with cataract and no other anterior segment pathological features or previous eye surgery underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation through a 2.2 mm incision. Three foldable IOL were implanted with their recommended delivery systems: Acrysof © SN60WF with Monarch © III/cartridge D (Group A, 38 patients); Tecnis © ZCB00 with Unfolder Platinum/cartridge easy load (Group B, 38 patients); Acrysof © SN60WF with Ultrasert TM preloaded system (Group C, 42 patients). Incision width was measured before and after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.Results: Before and after phacoemulsification incision width was, respectively, 2.21 ± 0.02 mm and 2.34 ± 0.08 mm in group A; 2.20 ± 0.02 mm and 2.31 ± 0.06 mm in group B; 2.20 ± 0.02 mm and 2.30 ± 0.07 mm in group C. Incision width was not significantly enlarged after phacoemulsification. Before and after IOL implantation incision width was, respectively, 2.34 ± 0.07 mm and 2.47 ± 0.07 mm in group A; 2.32 ± 0.06 mm and 2.45 ± 0.08 mm in group B; 2.30 ± 0.07 mm and 2.39 ±0.07 mm in group C. Incision widths in group C were significantly different to groups A and B.No relationship was found between incision sizes and phacoemulsification time, ultrasound energy and IOL powers. Conclusion:In cataract surgery Ultrasert TM enlarges the corneal incision less than other delivery systems.

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A Suitable Immunosensor for Chloramphenicol Determination: Study of Two Different Competitive Formats

Martini

Tomassetti

Angeloni

et al. 2020

CPA

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Background: deep analytical study was performed on two different formats based on a “competitive” ELISA-type assay to develop a suitable, sensitive and cheap immune device for chloramphenicol determination that could be advantageously applied to the analysis of real matrices (pharmaceutical, food and environmental). Methods: To this purpose peroxidase enzyme as a marker and an amperometric electrode for hydrogen peroxide, as a transducer, were used. Through the first competitive format, chloramphenicol determination was based on the competition between chloramphenicol and conjugated with biotin-avidinperoxidase chloramphenicol, both free in solution, for anti-chloramphenicol immobilized in the membrane, while the second competitive format was based on the competition between free in solution chloramphenicol and immobilized in membrane one, for anti-chloramphenicol biotin-avidin-peroxidase conjugated free in solution. Results: The immunosensor was optimized by comparing the two used different “competitive” working formats on the basis of respective Kaff values, that were found to be about 105 and 104 (mol L-1)-1. The developed immune device displayed good selectivity for Chloramphenicol and LOD (limit of detection) was of the order of 10-9 mol L-1. The immunosensor was also used to test the presence of Chloramphenicol in real matrices such as cow milk, river wastewater and pharmaceutical formulations; recovery tests, using the standard addition method, gave satisfactory results. Conclusion: The results proved the validity of this immune device based on the competition between chloramphenicol and conjugated chloramphenicol obtained using biotin-avidin-peroxidase format, by which it is possible to carry out the analysis of chloramphenicol in milk and in river waste-waters with a % RSD ≤ 5 and with recovery values between 96% and 103%.

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Aqueous Humor Antimicrobial Activity:In VitroAnalysis after Topical 0.5% Chloramphenicol Application

Abstract: Aqueous humor displayed no bactericidal effect against any of the microorganisms evaluated after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application.

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Kinetics of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate penetration into the human aqueous humor after topical application

Kinetics of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate penetration into the human aqueous humor after topical application

Corneal incision width after lens implantation: Comparing delivery systems

A Suitable Immunosensor for Chloramphenicol Determination: Study of Two Different Competitive Formats

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