Aqueous Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to 1,4‐Pentanediol over Mo‐Modified Ru/Activated Carbon Catalyst

Abstract

A highly efficient and green process was developed for direct conversion of levulinic acid into 1,4-pentanediol over Mo-modified Ru/activated carbon (AC) catalyst in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. The Ru-MoO /AC catalyst was found to be efficient for the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol, whereby a high yield (96.7 mol %) of 1,4-pentanediol was obtained under mild reaction conditions (70 °C, 4 MPa H ).

Recent Advances in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions of Renewable Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid in Aqueous Media

“…Aqueous-phase hydrogenations of GVL catalyzed by 5 wt.% Ru/C were carried out by Rozenblit et al (2016) at 200 • C under 69 bar dihydrogen pressure to obtain a conversion of GVL of 10.3 mol% and a spectrum of products with a yield of 4.95 mol% 2butanol, formed after C-C bond cleavage in a decarbonylation step of the surface acyl intermediate CH 3 CH(O * )-(CH 2 ) 2 -C * -O * obtained after GVL ring-opening, and further 4.63 mol% 1,4-PDO after hydrogenation of the acyl intermediate, 0.64 mol% 2-MTHF after dehydration of 1,4-PDO and cyclization, and 0.08 mol% 2-pentanol obtained after deoxygenation and further hydrogenation of the surface CH 3 CH(O * )-(CH 2 ) 2 -C * -O * acyl intermediate. Cui et al (2018) studied the continuous one-pot aqueous-phase hydrogenation reaction of LA catalyzed by molybdenum-modified Ru/C catalysts to obtain almost quantitative conversion of LA and selectivities of 96.7 mol% 1,4-PDO, 0.2 mol% 2-MTHF, 0.5 mol% GVL, 0.6 mol% 2butanol and 2.0 mol% 2-pentanol using an atomic ratio of Mo/Ru= 0.25 under mild conditions at 70 • C and 40 bar dihydrogen pressure. In situ FTIR investigations revealed that RuNPs are responsible for the activation and dissociation of the dihydrogen reactant and on Mo catalytically active species the absorption and activation of the keto functionality of LA starting material takes place.…”

Coupling Alkaline Conversion Zn Anode with Acidic Proton-insertion MoO3 Cathode for High-voltage Aqueous Rechargeable Hybrid Battery

“…XPS spectra of Mo 3d, which can be divided into four peaks, 236.1 eV for Mo 6+ 3d 3/2 , 232.9 eV for Mo 6+ 3d 5/2 , 235.4 eV for Mo 5+ 3d 3/2 , and 232.2 eV for Mo 5+ 3d 5/2 , respectively. 41,42 The atomic ratio of (Fig. 3b), implying a higher H + storage capacity for v-MoO 3 PNB, which can be rationally attributed to the higher conductivity (Fig.…”

Hydrodeoxygenation of Sorbitol into Bio‐Alkanes and ‐Alcohols Over Phosphated Ruthenium Molybdenum Catalysts

“…Peaks at around 450 K could be attributed to the desorption of weakly adsorbed NH 3 and peaks at around 620 K could be ascribed to the desorption of moderately adsorbed NH 3 ,. RuMoP/C exhibited a big NH 3 desorption peak of weak acid and a small broad NH 3 desorption peak of moderate acid, but RuMoP/CNT only presented a large NH 3 desorption peak at the temperature range of 400–600 K. The quantified total acid sites of RuMoP/CNT (0.17 mmol/g) was slight lower than that of RuMoP/C (0.22 mmol/g).The possible reason for the decrease of acidity could be attributed to the decrease of MoO x species which were responsible for Lewis acid sites according to the literature . Moreover, pyridine adsorption (Py‐IR) results of relevant catalysts (Figure S5 and S6) were supported to verify the hypothesis.…”