Aqueous ozonation of atrazine.  Product identification and description of the degradation pathway

Hapeman-Somich, Cathleen J.; Zong, Guiming.; Lusby, William R.; Muldoon, Mark T.; Waters, Rolland M.

doi:10.1021/jf00023a048

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The degradation pathway of atrazine ozonation has been described previously and is shown in Scheme 1 (Hapeman-Somich et al, 1992). Similar reactions, Le., dealkylation and amidization followed by deacylation, were also observed for propazine and simazine (Table 1) (Hapeman, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Total mineralization of aqueous atrazine in the presence of ammonium nitrate using ozone and Klebsiella terragena (strain drs-i): mechanistic considerations for pilot scale disposal

Hapeman¹,

Karns²,

Shelton³

1995

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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s-Triazines have been found to be somewhat recalcitrant to enhanced biomineralization (preoxidation prior to microbial degradation). Atrazine ozonation studies provided evidence for a hydroxy radical process in which kinetics are sterically rather than electronically controlled. These results enabled the optimization of the ozonation procedures and the isolation of an organism better adapted for pesticide waste streams. Klebsiella terragena (strain DRS-I) was shown to effectively utilize chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT), the final oxidation product of atrazine, as a nitrogen source in the presence of NH4N03, a fertilizer often found in pesticide waste. Evidence for the metabolic pathway is provided, which was shown to proceed via aminochlorohydroxy-s-triazine (COAT) followed by dechlorination and total mineralization. Formulated atrazine was successfully mineralized in a pilot scale system (ca. 200 L) with and without NH4N03 present. Ozonation efficiencies were nearly identical in both cases; degradation of CAAT and COAT was readily achieved after ca. 1 day of incubation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Total mineralization of aqueous atrazine in the presence of ammonium nitrate using ozone and Klebsiella terragena (strain drs-i): mechanistic considerations for pilot scale disposal

Hapeman¹,

Karns²,

Shelton³

1995

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The product profile of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropy1amino)-s-triazine] ozonation was delineated, and th8 final products were identified as 4-acetamido-6-amino-2-chloro-s-triazine (CDAT) and chlorodiamino-s- (Hapeman-Somich et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization of atrazine ozonation products. Application to the development of a pesticide waste disposal system

Leeson¹,

Hapeman²,

Shelton³

1993

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Development of remediation techniques for unusable pesticide wastes has led to a binary scheme involving ozonation followed by biomineralization of the resultant oxidized pesticides. Preliminary field tests of this technique indicated that the s-triazines were somewhat more recalcitrant than the other pesticides present. Further experiments identified the final ozonation products of atrazine, the most widely used s-triazine, as 4-acetamido-6-amino-2-chloro-s-triazine (CDAT) and chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT). These compounds can be utilized by microorganisms only as nitrogen sources; however, 1 % concentrations of ammonia fertilizers are not uncommon in pesticide waste. Therefore, the organism should prefer an organic nitrogen source and tolerate high ammonia concentrations. A Klebsiella terragena (strain DRS-I) was observed to degrade CAAT in the presence of high ammonia concentrations (0.8 M) with the addition of a carbon source (corn syrup), in contrast to a known s-triazine-degrading organism which could not. Nearly complete mineralization of CAAT to C02 by DRS-I was demonstrated using CAAT-U-ringJ4C. Bench-scale reactors indicated that continuous-flow or fixed-film reactors would support growth of DRS-I cultures and CAAT degradation.

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“…Various new techniques that have been proposed and explored for the destruction of chlorinated triazine herbicides, in particular atrazine included photocatalytic degradation [61], advanced oxidation [62][63][64][65], Fenton like reactions [66][67], electrocatalytic dechlorination [68] and reductive degradation by the use of zero-valent iron [69][70]. Chemical process using Fenton's reagent was tried to degrade atrazine.…”

Section: Chemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

Ghosh¹,

Philip²

2013

Global NEST Journal

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Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l -1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined.In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

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Aqueous ozonation of atrazine. Product identification and description of the degradation pathway

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Total mineralization of aqueous atrazine in the presence of ammonium nitrate using ozone and Klebsiella terragena (strain drs-i): mechanistic considerations for pilot scale disposal

Total mineralization of aqueous atrazine in the presence of ammonium nitrate using ozone and Klebsiella terragena (strain drs-i): mechanistic considerations for pilot scale disposal

Biomineralization of atrazine ozonation products. Application to the development of a pesticide waste disposal system

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

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