Aqueous Properties of Multichain Quaternary Cationic Surfactants

Toxicity Evaluation of Surface Cleaning Preparation Using Different Test Methods / Virsmu tīrīšanas līdzekļa toksiskuma novērtēšana, izmantojot dažādas testa metodes

“…Samples were prepared for measurement by diluting the appropriate concentration of standard solution and equilibrating for 24 h. Solutions were placed in a shallow glass dish 50 mm in diameter and the platinum ring was inserted in the middle of the container to avoid edge effects and equilibrated for 90 min. The ring was raised by manual operation of a torsion mechanism and tension readings at the instant of surface detachment were noted [19]. All measurements were taken in triplicate at 22 °C and the mean results had standard deviations less than ±2 mN/m.…”

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis and Properties of Novel Optically Active Cationics Containing Carbonate Linkages

“…where n is a constant and depends upon the individual ions comprising the surfactant n 2 24 , dγ/dlogC is the slope of the surface tension vs. concentration curves below the cmc at a constant temperature, γ is the surface tension in mN/m, T is the absolute temperature, R 8.31 J/mol K , and N A is Avogadro s number.…”

Synthesis and Properties of Trigeminal Tricationic Ionic Liquids

“…[10][11][12] Trimeric surfactants, which are made up of three amphiphilic moieties connected at the head groups ( Figure 1C), have been synthesized in low yields. [13,14] In this work, we present a new class of quats, namely, trigeminal tricationic salts, that contain three quaternary nitrogen atoms connected to the central carbon atom (Figure 1B).…”