Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction, Antioxidant and Renal Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo renal protective effects of polysaccharides from spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSPs). The optimal ATPE parameters were as follows: an extraction temperature of 61 °C, an ammonium sulfate concentration of 18%, an ethanol concentration of 40%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 33 mL/g, and an extraction time of 60 min. Under these parameters, the CCSPs yield was 6.96 ± 0.11% (n = 3), which was consistent with the predicted yield (6.92%). Among the three purified polysaccharide fractions, CCSP-2 displayed stronger scavenging activities against DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals, reducing power and ferrous-ion-chelating ability to a greater extent than CCSP-1 and CCSP-3. CCSP-2 exhibited its protective effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic acute kidney injury (AKI) mice by significantly alleviating renal edema; reducing 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr); inhibiting the release of serum proinflammatory cytokines; boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes; and reducing the levels of oxidative damage products. These results suggest that CCSP-2 exerted its protective effect against LPS-induced septic AKI in mice through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways.

Optimization of Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction of Polysaccharides from Hawthorn by Response Surface Methodology Coupled with Genetic Algorithm and Its Antioxidant Activity

“…The reason for this phenomenon is that the upper phase accelerated the extraction of pigments and alcohol soluble impurities with increasing the ethanol volume fraction, which led to more polysaccharides being dissolved in the lower phase and improved the yield of HPs. [ 28 ] Nevertheless, a substantial decrease the yield of HPs was observed when ethanol volume fraction was over 25% ( p < 0.05). The reason may be that the higher ethanol volume fraction might cause instability in the ATPS, reduce the solubility of polysaccharides in the lower phase, and lead to the decrease in HPs yield.…”