Arabidopsis subtilases promote defense-related pectin methylesterase activity and robust immune responses to botrytis infection

Coculo, Daniele; Corpo, Daniele Del; Martínez, Miguel Ozáez; Vera, Pablo; Piro, Gabriella; Caroli, Monica De; Lionetti, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107865

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…PMEs selectively catalyze the process of demethylesterification in HGs and can lead to stiffness or softness of the cell wall-pectin matrix [38,73]. However, as postulated by Coculo et al [74], the generation of low degrees of methylesterificated HG pectins may promote proton-releasing and depolymerization conducted by enzymes such as polygalacturonases (PGs) and pectate lyase-like proteins (PLLs), resulting in cell wall loosening and expansion. Namely, it was documented first by Juge et al [75] that PME activity is modulated by a family of proteinaceous inhibitors known as PMEIs, which belong to multigenic families in Arabidopsis (77 putative PMEI genes).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homogalacturonan Pectins Tuned as an Effect of Susceptible rbohD, Col-0-Reactions, and Resistance rbohF-, rbohD/F-Reactions to TuMV

Otulak-Kozieł,

Kozieł,

Treder

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The plant cell wall is an actively reorganized network during plant growth and triggered immunity in response to biotic stress. While the molecular mechanisms managing perception, recognition, and signal transduction in response to pathogens are well studied in the context of damaging intruders, the current understanding of plant cell wall rebuilding and active defense strategies in response to plant virus infections remains poorly characterized. Pectins can act as major elements of the primary cell wall and are dynamic compounds in response to pathogens. Homogalacturonans (HGs), a main component of pectins, have been postulated as defensive molecules in plant–pathogen interactions and linked to resistance responses. This research focused on examining the regulation of selected pectin metabolism components in susceptible (rbohD-, Col-0-TuMV) and resistance (rbohF-, rbohD/F–TuMV) reactions. Regardless of the interaction type, ultrastructural results indicated dynamic cell wall rebuilding. In the susceptible reaction promoted by RbohF, there was upregulation of AtPME3 (pectin methylesterase) but not AtPME17, confirmed by induction of PME3 protein deposition. Moreover, the highest PME activity along with a decrease in cell wall methylesters compared to resistance interactions in rbohD–TuMV were noticed. Consequently, the susceptible reaction of rbohD and Col-0 to TuMV was characterized by a significant domination of low/non-methylesterificated HGs. In contrast, cell wall changes during the resistance response of rbohF and rbohD/F to TuMV were associated with dynamic induction of AtPMEI2, AtPMEI3, AtGAUT1, and AtGAUT7 genes, confirmed by significant induction of PMEI2, PMEI3, and GAUT1 protein deposition. In both resistance reactions, a dynamic decrease in PME activity was documented, which was most intense in rbohD/F–TuMV. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in cell wall methylesters, indicating that the domination of highly methylesterificated HGs was associated with cell wall rebuilding in rbohF and rbohD/F defense responses to TuMV. These findings suggest that selected PME with PMEI enzymes have a diverse impact on the demethylesterification of HGs and metabolism as a result of rboh–TuMV interactions, and are important factors in regulating cell wall changes depending on the type of interaction, especially in resistance responses. Therefore, PMEI2 and PMEI3 could potentially be important signaling resistance factors in the rboh–TuMV pathosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, regardless of the interaction type, AtPME17 gene expression was unchanged compared to mock-inoculated plants. AtPME17 has been implicated in interactions in different pathosystems [44,74]. Interestingly, Arabidopsis knockout mutant pme17 modified the trophic behavior of Myzus persica [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogalacturonan Pectins Tuned as an Effect of Susceptible rbohD, Col-0-Reactions, and Resistance rbohF-, rbohD/F-Reactions to TuMV

Otulak-Kozieł,

Kozieł,

Treder

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…PMEs have been extensively studied for their involvement in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses [27]. Coculo et al (2023) [48] proposed that increased PME activity leads to pectin demethylation, resulting in cell wall reinforcement and damage signaling, thereby enhancing plant resistance to pathogens. Furthermore, demethylation of pectin by PMEs generates negatively charged carboxyl groups that can bind to Na+ ions in salt solution, effectively preventing Na+ influx into the cytoplasm and enhancing plant resistance to salt stress [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Major Cell Wall Components and Associated Gene Expression in Autotetraploid and Its Donor Diploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Blast and Salt Stress Conditions

Leng,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Whole-genome duplication is a significant evolutionary mechanism in plants, with polyploid plants often displaying larger organs and enhanced adaptability to unfavorable conditions compared to their diploid counterparts. The cell wall acts as a primary defense for plant cells against external stresses, playing an essential role in the plant’s resistance to various stressors. In this study, we utilized both autotetraploid and its donor diploid rice (Oryza sativa L.) to analyze their phenotypic differences comparatively, the composition of key cell wall components, and the expression of related genes under normal conditions, as well as under stress from Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and salt. Our findings indicated that autotetraploid rice exhibits significantly larger phenotypic characteristics under normal conditions than diploid rice. At the seedling stage, the lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin levels in autotetraploid rice were markedly lower than in diploid rice. Additionally, 24 genes associated with major cell wall components showed differential expression between diploid and tetraploid rice. At the filling stage, the lignin and pectin content in autotetraploid rice were significantly higher than in diploid rice, while the levels of cellulose and hemicellulose were notably lower. Under M. oryzae stress or salt stress, autotetraploid rice showed smaller lesion areas and less wilting than diploid rice. The increased lignin content in autotetraploid rice under M. oryzae stress suggested a stronger adaptive capacity to adverse conditions. Compared to salt stress, M. oryzae stress induced more differential expression of genes related to major cell wall components. In this study, we explored the differences in the major cell wall components of diploid and homologous tetraploid rice under various treatment conditions. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the cell wall’s adaptive mechanisms in autotetraploid rice when facing blast disease and salt stress, and it reveals the differential gene expression linked to these adaptive capabilities.

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“…In the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, a methanol oxidase enables the fungus to hydrolyze the methanol released from esterified pectin [90]. Methylesterases are induced upon fungal infection as part of the plant defense mechanism [91,92]. GMC oxidoreductase in P. fijiensis may be involved in conidial development and/or the degradation of toxic residues released from the pectin.…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocercospora fijiensis Conidial Germination Is Dominated by Pathogenicity Factors and Effectors

Carreón-Anguiano,

Gómez-Tah,

Pech-Balan

et al. 2023

JoF

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Conidia play a vital role in the survival and rapid spread of fungi. Many biological processes of conidia, such as adhesion, signal transduction, the regulation of oxidative stress, and autophagy, have been well studied. In contrast, the contribution of pathogenicity factors during the development of conidia in fungal phytopathogens has been poorly investigated. To date, few reports have centered on the pathogenicity functions of fungal phytopathogen conidia. Pseudocercospora fijiensis is a hemibiotrophic fungus and the causal agent of the black Sigatoka disease in bananas and plantains. Here, a conidial transcriptome of P. fijiensis was characterized computationally. Carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipid metabolisms presented the highest number of annotations in Gene Ontology. Common conidial functions were found, but interestingly, pathogenicity factors and effectors were also identified. Upon analysis of the resulting proteins against the Pathogen–Host Interaction (PHI) database, 754 hits were identified. WideEffHunter and EffHunter effector predictors identified 618 effectors, 265 of them were shared with the PHI database. A total of 1107 conidial functions devoted to pathogenesis were found after our analysis. Regarding the conidial effectorome, it was found to comprise 40 canonical and 578 non-canonical effectors. Effectorome characterization revealed that RXLR, LysM, and Y/F/WxC are the largest effector families in the P. fijiensis conidial effectorome. Gene Ontology classification suggests that they are involved in many biological processes and metabolisms, expanding our current knowledge of fungal effectors.

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Arabidopsis subtilases promote defense-related pectin methylesterase activity and robust immune responses to botrytis infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Homogalacturonan Pectins Tuned as an Effect of Susceptible rbohD, Col-0-Reactions, and Resistance rbohF-, rbohD/F-Reactions to TuMV

Homogalacturonan Pectins Tuned as an Effect of Susceptible rbohD, Col-0-Reactions, and Resistance rbohF-, rbohD/F-Reactions to TuMV

A Comparative Analysis of Major Cell Wall Components and Associated Gene Expression in Autotetraploid and Its Donor Diploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Blast and Salt Stress Conditions

Pseudocercospora fijiensis Conidial Germination Is Dominated by Pathogenicity Factors and Effectors

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