Arabinogalactan proteins and their sugar chains: functions in plant reproduction, research methods, and biosynthesis

Su, Shihao; Higashiyama, Tetsuya

doi:10.1007/s00497-018-0329-2

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The cohort of AGPs present in AI and FM cell walls may support communication and signal transduction events that lead to functional AI formation, mitotic aposporous female gametophyte development, and cell death in the sexual pathway, given their association with a range of pathways in plant development (Ellis et al, 2010;Lamport and Várnai, 2013;Su and Higashiyama, 2018). Hieracium relatives of the classical arabinogalactan protein AGP18, required for the selection and identity of a single FM in Arabidopsis, were not enriched significantly in AI cells (Acosta-García and Vielle-Calzada, 2004; Demesa-Arévalo and Vielle-Calzada, 2013).…”

Section: Candidate Pathways Involved In Ai Cell Differentiation Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arabinogalactan proteins are highly glycosylated (up to 99% glycan) and form a large, diverse family within the Hyp-rich glycoprotein superfamily. Arabinogalactan proteins have been implicated in plant growth, development, cell death, biotic and abiotic responses, and cell-to-cell communication (Ellis et al, 2010;Su and Higashiyama, 2018). Arabinogalactan proteins also are cellular markers for female gametogenesis.…”

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Asexual Female Gametogenesis Involves Contact with a Sexually-Fated Megaspore in Apomictic Hieracium

et al. 2018

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Apomixis results in asexual seed formation where progeny are identical to the maternal plant. In ovules of apomictic species of the subgenus, meiosis of the megaspore mother cell generates four megaspores. Aposporous initial (AI) cells form during meiosis in most ovules. The sexual pathway terminates during functional megaspore (FM) differentiation, when an enlarged AI undergoes mitosis to form an aposporous female gametophyte. Then, the mitotically programmed FM dies along with the three other megaspores by unknown mechanisms. Transcriptomes of laser-dissected AIs, ovule cells, and ovaries from apomicts and AI-deficient mutants were analyzed to understand the pathways involved. The steps leading to AI mitosis and sexual pathway termination were determined using antibodies against arabinogalactan protein epitopes found to mark both sexual and aposporous female gametophyte lineages at inception. At most, four AIs differentiated near developing megaspores. The first expanding AI cell to contact the FM formed a functional AI that underwent mitosis soon after megaspore degeneration. Transcriptome analyses indicated that the enlarged, laser-captured AIs were arrested in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle and were metabolically active. Further comparisons with AI-deficient mutants showed that AIs were enriched in transcripts encoding homologs of genes involved in, and potentially antagonistic to, known FM specification pathways. We propose that AI and FM cell contact provides cues required for AI mitosis and megaspore degeneration. Specific candidates to further interrogate AI-FM interactions were identified here and include arabinogalactan protein family genes.

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Section: Candidate Pathways Involved In Ai Cell Differentiation Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Asexual Female Gametogenesis Involves Contact with a Sexually-Fated Megaspore in Apomictic Hieracium

et al. 2018

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“…AMOR has been identified as a methyl-Oglucuronosyl-b-Dgalactose (Mizukami et al, 2016), possibly a key component of the AGP Ca 2+ -binding motif, . AMOR has a differential localization in specific structures in the AG sugar chains, indicating that AG biosynthesis enzymes re control AGP functions and their sugar chains (Su and Higashiyama, 2018).…”

Section: The Puzzling Navigation Of the Pollen Tube Along The Transmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into secrets along the pollen tube pathway in need to be discovered

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Ferreira

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The process of plant fertilization provides an outstanding example of refined control of gene expression. During this elegant process, subtle communication occurs between neighboring cells, based on chemical signals, that induces cellular mechanisms of patterning and growth. Having faced an immediate issue of self-incompatibility responses, the pathway to fertilization starts once the stigmatic cells recognize a compatible pollen grain, and it continues with numerous players interacting to affect pollen tube growth and the puzzling process of navigation along the transmitting tract. The pollen tube goes through a guidance process that begins with a preovular stage (i.e. prior to the influence of the target ovule), with interactions with factors from the transmitting tissue. In the subsequent ovular-guidance stage a specific relationship develops between the pollen tube and its target ovule. This stage is divided into the funicular and micropylar guidance steps, with numerous receptors working in signalling cascades. Finally, just after the pollen tube has passed beyond the synergids, fusion of the gametes occurs and the developing seed-the ultimate aim of the process-will start to mature. In this paper, we review the existing knowledge of the crucial biological processes involved in pollen-pistil interactions that give rise to the new seed.

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“…Therefore, the AGPs functional redundancy due to the similarity between its aminoacidic sequences, further interferes with the study of their functions [15][16][17][18]. Despite this, the work being developed with tools such as the anti-AG chain-based immunomicroscopy, β-Yariv reagents, enzymes that target specific parts of AG chains, chemical synthesis of specific structures of AG chains and bioinformatics, is slowly clarifying the nature of AGPs [19]. Moreover, with the development of powerful molecular biology tools, it is possible a genetic approach that offers a great alternative to identify a specific AGP function [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The best CRISPR/Cas9 versus RNA interference approaches for Arabinogalactan proteins’ study

et al. 2020

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Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich proteins containing a high proportion of carbohydrates, widely spread in the plant kingdom. AGPs have been suggested to play important roles in plant development processes, especially in sexual plant reproduction. Nevertheless, the functions of a large number of these molecules, remains to be discovered. In this review, we discuss two revolutionary genetic techniques that are able to decode the roles of these glycoproteins in an easy and efficient way. The RNA interference is a frequently technique used in plant biology that promotes genes silencing. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), emerged a few years ago as a revolutionary genome-editing technique that has allowed null mutants to be obtained in a wide variety of organisms, including plants. The two techniques have some differences between them and depending on the research objective, these may work as advantage or disadvantage. In the present work, we propose the use of the two techniques to obtain AGP mutants easily and quickly, helping to unravel the role of AGPs, surely a great asset for the future.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Arabinogalactan proteins and their sugar chains: functions in plant reproduction, research methods, and biosynthesis

Cited by 53 publications

References 80 publications

Asexual Female Gametogenesis Involves Contact with a Sexually-Fated Megaspore in Apomictic Hieracium

Asexual Female Gametogenesis Involves Contact with a Sexually-Fated Megaspore in Apomictic Hieracium

Insights into secrets along the pollen tube pathway in need to be discovered

The best CRISPR/Cas9 versus RNA interference approaches for Arabinogalactan proteins’ study

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