Arachidonic acid in health and disease with focus on hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A review

Das, Undurti N.

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2018.01.002

Cited by 101 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…LA is converted to DGLA (C20:3n6) and AA (C20:4n6), while ALA is converted to form EPA (C20:5n3) and DHA (C22:6n3). Excessive intake of HFD reduces the levels of AA, EPA and DHA(42), enhances the production of pro-inflammatory arachidic acids and ROS, leading to proinflammatory status (42,43). Our results also confirmed that HFD impaired the desaturated metabolic pathway of EFAs: the ratio of AA/LA and DHA/ALA in HFD hamsters was down-regulated, and the expressions of FADS1 and FADS2 were significantly decreased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Anethole dithiolethione improves liver fatty acid metabolism in hamster fed high-fat diets

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract“Lipotoxicity” induced by excessive accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver, especially saturated FAs and their toxic metabolites, is closely related to metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gaseous signaling molecule, has been reported to have lipid-lowering effects, but its effect on FAs metabolism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanisms of anethole dithiolethione (ADT, a sustained-release H2S donor) on hepatic FAs metabolism. ADT was administered daily for 4 weeks in male Syrian golden hamsters fed a high fat diet (HFD), and FAs profiles of liver tissues were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that in HFD-fed hamsters, ADT treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, and C18:1n9), while increased the content of n-6 and n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:3n6, C20:4n6, and C22:6n3). Mechanistically, ADT obviously inhibited the overexpression of ACC1, FAS and SCD1, and up-regulated the levels of FATPs, L-FABP, CPT1α, FADS1 and FADS2. Notably, ADT evidently induced Mitofusin1 to facilitate mitochondrial fusion and optimize β-oxidation. These findings suggest that ADT plays a beneficial role by regulating the synthesis, desaturation, β-oxidation, uptake, binding/isolation, and transport of FAs. In conclusion, ADT is effective in improving liver FAs metabolic disorders and liver injuries caused by HFD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Anethole dithiolethione improves liver fatty acid metabolism in hamster fed high-fat diets

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In general, prostaglandins and leukotrienes synthesized from AA exert proinflammatory actions and play a significant role in atherosclerosis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and hypertension. Another polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, is a precursor of anti‐inflammatory compounds and is generated from its precursor, α ‐linolenic acid (Das, ; Nyamundanda, Brennan, & Gormley, ). It is likely that there exists a balance between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPLC–QTOF/MS‐based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced hypertension in rats

Xia

Lan

et al. 2019

Biomedical Chromatography

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Hypertension is a common chronic disease, and it is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, the number of patients with hypertension-related complications has increased significantly, adding a heavy burden to the public health system. It is known that chronic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. However, the impact of hypertension on the dysfunctions induced by chronic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, using LC-MS-based metabolomics, we established a chronic stress model to demonstrate the mechanisms of stress-induced hypertension. We found that 30 metabolites in chronically stressed rats were changed; of these metabolites, seven had been upregulated, and 23 had been downregulated, including amino acids, phospholipids, carnitines and fatty acids, many of which are involved in amino acid metabolism, cell membrane injury, ATP supply and inflammation. These metabolites are engaged in dysregulated pathways and will provide a targeted approach to study the mechanism of stress-induced hypertension.

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“…It is well known that the Western diet is relatively poor in n-3 PUFAs and rich in n-6 PUFAs [12]. Because arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6) is a precursor to proinflammatory mediators, the role of an increased dietary intake of ARA, or of its metabolic precursor (linoleic acid (LA), C18:2n-6), in elevating the inflammatory process is debated [1,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Fatty Acids to Sperm Maturation and Quality

Collodel

Castellini

Lee

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Almost 50% of infertility cases are associated with human male infertility. The sperm membrane is a key structure influencing sperm morphology and function in normal and pathological conditions. The fatty acid profile determines the performance not only of sperm motility but also of acrosomal reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. This review presents available knowledge on the role of fatty acid composition in human sperm and spermatogenesis and discusses the influence of dietary fatty acids on the sperm fatty acid profile. Recent studies in biological sciences and clinical researches in this field are also reported. The topic object of this review has potential application in medicine by identifying potential causes of infertility.

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Arachidonic acid in health and disease with focus on hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A review

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 101 publications

References 193 publications

Anethole dithiolethione improves liver fatty acid metabolism in hamster fed high-fat diets

Anethole dithiolethione improves liver fatty acid metabolism in hamster fed high-fat diets

UPLC–QTOF/MS‐based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced hypertension in rats

Relevance of Fatty Acids to Sperm Maturation and Quality

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