Arachidonic acid is important for efficient use of light by the microalga Lobosphaera incisa under chilling stress

Zorin, Boris; Pal‐Nath, Dipasmita; Lukyanov, Alexander; Smolskaya, Sviatlana; Kolusheva, Sofiya; Didi‐Cohen, Shoshana; Boussiba, Sammy; Cohen, Zvi; Khozin‐Goldberg, Inna; Solovchenko, Alexei

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.008

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…S2). These results indicate that the efficiency of photoprotection via the Vx cycle decreased as kleptoplasts aged with animal starvation, indicating that the kleptoplasts lose the capacity for physiological photoprotection and suggesting that Vx-cycle enzymes are nuclear encoded in A. acetabulum, as already reported for other green algae (Zorin et al, 2017). Our results contradict recent findings by Christa et al (2018) reporting an equally active photoprotective component of NPQ (qE) in kleptoplasts of E. timida during starvation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

The photon menace: kleptoplast protection in the photosynthetic sea slugElysia timida

Cartaxana

Morelli

Jesus

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Absorption of excessive light by photosymbiotic organisms leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that can damage both symbiont and host. This is highly relevant in sacoglossan sea slugs that host functional chloroplasts 'stolen' from their algal foods (kleptoplasts), because of limited repair capacities resulting from the absence of algal nuclear genes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate (i) a hostmediated photoprotection mechanism in the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia timida, characterized by the closure of the parapodia under high irradiance and the reduction of kleptoplast light exposure; and (ii) the activation of a reversible xanthophyll cycle in kleptoplasts, which allows excessive energy to be dissipated. The described mechanisms reduce photoinactivation under high irradiance. We conclude that both hostmediated behavioural and plastid-based physiological photoprotective mechanisms can mitigate oxidative stress induced by high light in E. timida. These mechanisms may play an important role in the establishment of long-term photosynthetically active kleptoplasts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

The photon menace: kleptoplast protection in the photosynthetic sea slugElysia timida

Cartaxana

Morelli

Jesus

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In previous studies, the presence of LC‐PUFA in chloroplast membrane glycerolipids was shown to be important for conferring stress tolerance in Lobosphaera incisa (Zorin et al. , Kugler et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Notably, in the “small‐scale” experiments, an increase in the percentage of 16:0 at the expense of a decrease in 16:3 n 3, the latter in particular enriched in the major chloroplast lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) of Lobosphaera incisa (Zorin et al. ), was detected in 3‐d post‐thawed cultures, indicative of a possible remodeling of the chloroplast glycerolipids. Alternatively, this may be due to the enhanced production of ROS detected in the post‐thawed cultures, which impacted unsaturated lipids by lipid peroxidation (Suzuki and Mittler ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The culture growth was estimated by measuring the volumetric content of chlorophyll ( a + b ; Chl) using a Cary 50 Bio spectrophotometer (Varian, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; Zorin et al. ). Since Lobosphaera incisa forms clusters of attached cells, cell counting was not performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), is a psychotropic microalga, capable of slow growth at chilling temperatures of 4–10°C (Zorin et al. ); however, its optimal growth temperature under laboratory conditions is ca. 25°C.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resilience to Freezing in the Vegetative Cells of the Microalga Lobosphaera incisa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Kugler

Kumari

Kokabi

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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The chlorophyte microalga Lobosphaera incisa was isolated from the snowy slopes of Mt. Tateyama in Japan. This microalga stores exceptionally high amounts of the omega‐6 LC‐PUFA arachidonic acid in triacylglycerols, and therefore represents a potent photosynthetic source for this essential LC‐PUFA. Assuming that freezing tolerance may play a role in adaptation of L. incisa to specific ecological niches, we examined the capability of L. incisa to tolerate extreme sub‐zero temperatures. We report here, that the vegetative cells of L. incisa survived freezing at −20°C and −80°C (over 1 month), without cryoprotective agents or prior treatments. Cells successfully recovered upon thawing and proliferated under optimal growth conditions (25°C). However, cells frozen at −80°C showed better recovery and lower cellular ROS generation upon thawing, compared to those preserved at −20°C. Photosynthetic yield of PSII, estimated by Fv/Fm, temporarily decreased at day 1 post freezing and resumed to the original level at day 3. Interestingly, the thawed algal cultures produced a higher level of chlorophylls, exceeding the control culture. The polar metabolome of the vegetative cells comprised a range of compatible solutes, dominated by glutamate, sucrose, and proline. We posit that the presence of endogenous cryoprotectants, a rigid multilayer cell wall, the high LC‐PUFA content in membrane lipids, and putative cold‐responsive proteins may contribute to the retention of functionality upon recovery from the frozen state, and therefore for the survival under cryospheric conditions. From the applied perspective, this beneficial property holds promise for the cryopreservation of starter cultures for research and commercial purposes.

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Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches to Enhancing Production of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Microalgae

Khozin‐Goldberg

Sayanova

2019

Grand Challenges in Algae Biotechnology

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Arachidonic acid is important for efficient use of light by the microalga Lobosphaera incisa under chilling stress

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

The photon menace: kleptoplast protection in the photosynthetic sea slugElysia timida

The photon menace: kleptoplast protection in the photosynthetic sea slugElysia timida

Resilience to Freezing in the Vegetative Cells of the Microalga Lobosphaera incisa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches to Enhancing Production of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Microalgae

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