Arachnoid diverticulum diagnosis following treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in a dog

Galban, Evelyn M.; Perkins, Jennifer

doi:10.1002/ccr3.1325

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As cryptococcosis can also involve the spinal cord, MRI should not be limited to the brain, if the neurological signs are indicative of a spinal cord lesion. 7,23 Cryptococcosis remains hard to treat in dogs and cats, with the treatment consisting of the use of systemic antifungals that can be used as monotherapy or in combination. There is, however, not a clearly established protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 However, fluconazole was used at a dose of 5 mg/kg/BID 4 in a recent clinical case during 5 years without impairment of liver function. 23 In the beginning, the antifungal treatment needs to be monitored closely (hence the merit of hospitalization), as the death of fungal cells can increase the inflammatory response at the level of the eyes and the CNS. 15 Although rare in Europe, this clinical case brings out the importance of an etiological diagnosis prior to implementation of a symptomatic treatment of chorioretinitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 A relapse can occur months if not even years after an apparent clinical "cure," and this is so even when the antifungal treatment is continued. 23 Antigen titers should ideally be monitored every two or three months when the animal is receiving antifungal treatment, and for at least a year after treatment is stopped. 8 In this case, for financial reasons, the antigen titer had still not been reevaluated since the beginning of the treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptococcosis with ocular and central nervous system involvement in a 3‐year‐old dog

Barbry

Poinsard

Gomes

et al. 2019

Clinical Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptococcosis with ocular and central nervous system involvement in a 3‐year‐old dog

Barbry

Poinsard

Gomes

et al. 2019

Clinical Case Reports

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Cryptococcosis in domestic and wild animals: A review

et al. 2023

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Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease of public health relevance that affects numerous animal species and humans, causing respiratory and neurological impairment. Hence, we conducted a systematic review that included publications from 1975 to 2021 and covered 132 articles that addressed reports of cryptococcosis in domestic and wild animals, its main clinical manifestations, pathological findings, etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic protocols. We found that the highest number of reports of cryptococcosis is in domestic species, especially cats. Among the wild and/or exotic animals, koalas and ferrets are the most affected, b eing important carriers of Cryptococcus spp.. Pulmonary and neurological involvement is predominant in all species, although nonspecific clinical manifestations have been reported in various species, making clinical suspicion and diagnosis difficult. The countries with the most reports are Australia, United States, Brazil and Canada, with C. gattii VGI and VGII standing out. The therapies were based on azoles, amphotericin B, and 5-flucytosine, although there is no standard treatment protocol. Although several diagnostic methods have been described, in a significant number of reports the diagnosis was made after necropsy. Professionals are warned about diverse and nonspecific clinical manifestations in different animal species, which underlines the importance of cryptococcosis in the differential diagnosis in clinical practice. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage the use of laboratory and molecular tools to improve the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. We also emphasize the urgent need for standardized therapeutic protocols to guide veterinary clinicians.

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Clinical features, outcomes, and long-term survival times of cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 50 cases (2000–2020)

Jacobson

Morton²,

Woerde³

et al. 2023

javma

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OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical findings and outcomes of Australian cats and dogs with CNS cryptococcosis. ANIMALS 19 cats and 31 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. PROCEDURES A case series and cohort study were performed using the same 50 animals. Both studies were multi-institutional and both retrospective and prospective. Disease features were compared between cats and dogs, and associations between putative risk factors and survival time (ST) were assessed. RESULTS Dogs were younger at initial presentation than cats and had lower latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination titers. Extraneurologic signs were common and frequently involved sinonasal and contiguous tissues. Neuroanatomic localization was predominantly forebrain, central vestibular (including cerebellum), multifocal, or diffuse. CSF analysis predominantly showed pleocytosis, with eosinophilic inflammation common in dogs. Seventy-eight percent (39/50) of patients received antifungal treatment. Median STs (from presentation) in treated patients were 1,678 days for cats and 679 days for dogs. Abnormal mentation at presentation (in dogs) and CSF collection (in cats) were associated with shorter STs. In treated dogs, those that received glucocorticoids prior to diagnosis, or single rather than multiple antifungal agents, had shorter STs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prognosis for feline and canine CNS cryptococcosis is guarded, yet long STs are possible with appropriate treatment. Presence of subtle upper respiratory tract signs may suggest cryptococcosis in patients with neurologic signs, while the absence of neurologic signs does not preclude CNS involvement.

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Arachnoid diverticulum diagnosis following treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in a dog

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Cryptococcosis with ocular and central nervous system involvement in a 3‐year‐old dog

Cryptococcosis with ocular and central nervous system involvement in a 3‐year‐old dog

Cryptococcosis in domestic and wild animals: A review

Clinical features, outcomes, and long-term survival times of cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 50 cases (2000–2020)

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