Aral Sea: an environmental disaster in twentieth century in Central Asia

Loodin, Najibullah

doi:10.1007/s40808-020-00837-3

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Also, the military presence of US-led NATO forces along with the rapid economic growth in Afghanistan triggered Afghan rural communities to move to urban areas [29]. Of course, climate change-induced drought [13][14]20] along with insecurity also forced farmers to migrate to nearby cities [8,25]. It is argued that more than one million Afghan people are in need of food and water in Herat city [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analysis of the Urban Development Process in Six Major Cities in Afghanistan from 1978-2018

Hanif¹,

Pouya²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The rapid increase in population along with the economic activities led to rapid depletion of natural resources. Land use studies help us analyze the impacts of urban development on environment. Given the political upheavals in Afghanistan, this study aims to analyze how urban development evolved from 1978 to 2018 in six major cities- Kabul, Kandahar, Kunduz, Herat, Mazar-e Sharif and Jalalabad- in Afghanistan using Landsat Satellite Images. This study is based on quantitative approach. ArcGIS 9.4 software was used to synchronize the Landsat Satellite Images within the area of study. The results of the study show that the Annual rate of urban land expansion in Afghanistan was the lowest (average 1.07 square kilometers per year) during the military presence of Soviet Union in Afghanistan while it was the highest (3.35 square kilometers per year) from 2001 to 2018 due to the military presence of US-led NATO forces, relative security and rapid economic activities in Afghanistan. The authors believe that this study could be further explored if other inter-connected factors, e.g., the role of culture, literacy, immigration etc., are incorporated into the study of urban development processes in Afghanistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is argued that more than one million Afghan people are in need of food and water in Herat city [32]. It signifies how climate changes [13] affected the livelihood of rural Afghans who were forced to settle in urban area in Afghanistan [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Urban Development Process in Six Major Cities in Afghanistan from 1978-2018

Hanif¹,

Pouya²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…With the decrease of water level, the Aral Sea was naturally divided into the South Aral Sea (Large Aral Sea) and the North Aral Sea (Small Aral Sea) in [1986][1987][1988] (Micklin 1988;Zavialov et al 2003;Loodin 2020;Yang et al 2020). In 2010, the South Aral Sea was further divided into the East Aral Sea and the West Aral Sea.…”

Section: Communicated By H Babaiementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As called "one of the planet's worst environmental disasters", the shrinking of the Aral Sea has led to economic and social consequences including health problems, the loss of fishery activities and employment, and economic dwindling (Micklin 2014;Micklin 2016). Moreover, the Aral Sea's shrinkage caused many ecological and environmental issues, such as the aggravation of drought due to water shortage, and its consequences including desertification, salinization, and soil degradation (Zavialov et al 2009;Gaybullaev et al 2012;Aladin et al 2019;Loodin 2020;Yang et al 2020).…”

Section: Communicated By H Babaiementioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial quantitative analysis of the Aral Sea Shoreline changes using RS and GIS techniques

Yue

Liu

et al. 2021

Earth Sci Inform

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The variations in the lake area, water level, and water volume change of the Aral Sea from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed in this study, which is based on the multi-temporal Landsat images and remote sensing water body index (Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI). Lake shorelines were automatically digitized and visualized using Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) by Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The surface area, water level, and water volume change of the North Aral Sea were not changed significantly in 1987-2018. The maximum lake area appeared in March 2015 with 3550.15 km 2 , the minimum lake area appeared in October 2001with 2830.56 km 2 . However, since 2010 the South Aral Sea split into the East Aral Sea and the West Aral Sea, the area change has shrunk dramatically. The area of the East Aral Sea decreased by 17852.65 km 2 (89.99 %) from March 2011 to September 2018. The area of the West Aral Sea decreased by 2203.62 km 2 (35.96 %) from August 2014 to March 2017. The distance of lake shoreline changes and rates of net movement along transects were determined by DSAS. The two largest positive values of NSM were 18715.93 and 12268.67 m, which showed lake shoreline retreat, occurred in the periods of 2010-2018 in the East Aral Sea and 1987-1999 in the South Aral Sea, respectively. The two periods in which the largest negative value of NSM appeared was (1987-1993) and (2001-2010) in the North Aral Sea, and the lake shoreline expanding distance was 145.43 and 545.84 m, respectively.

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“…However, these temporary fluctuations do not have a significant effect on the recovery process of the sea. At the moment, the state of the sea is stated as a real ecological catastrophe of global scale [Loodin, 2020]. The degradation of the Aral Sea has significantly influenced the local climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Assessment of Geomorphological and Landscape Features Around the Small Aral Sea

Issayeva¹,

Yeshibayev²,

Łęska³

et al. 2021

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The ecological state of the Aral Sea remains an important issue affecting the overall state of the ecosystem in the region. Despite the fact that the state of the northern part of the sea or the Small Aral Sea can be described as stable, the southern part of the former sea continues to degrade. The area of degraded ecosystems around the Small Aral Sea is significant, and huge salt reserves remain the cause of further degradation of terrestrial ecosystems in the Aral Sea region. This study includes the results of geobotanical investigations researches of the dried bottom around the Small Aral Sea area. Five types of landscape-geomorphological formations of the dried-up sea were identified during the research. The creation of the formations took place during different periods of drying and depended on the element's of sea relief. The vegetation of these landscapes is represented exclusively by salt-tolerant species of xerophytic flora. In this case, the number of plant species in the plant communities of these landscapes is directly proportional to the concentration of salt in the soil.

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Aral Sea: an environmental disaster in twentieth century in Central Asia

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

An Analysis of the Urban Development Process in Six Major Cities in Afghanistan from 1978-2018

An Analysis of the Urban Development Process in Six Major Cities in Afghanistan from 1978-2018

Geospatial quantitative analysis of the Aral Sea Shoreline changes using RS and GIS techniques

Comparative Assessment of Geomorphological and Landscape Features Around the Small Aral Sea

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