Araldite as an Embedding Medium for Electron Microscopy

Glauert, Audrey M.; Glauert, R. H.

doi:10.1083/jcb.4.2.191

Cited by 602 publications

(177 citation statements)

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“…in greatest dimension were fixed in Palade's fixative containing 5 per cent sucrose or in Caulfield's fixative (15,16). The blocks were generally fixed during 1 to 11/~ hours, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethyl alcohol, and embedded either in n-butyl methacrylate or in araldite (17). Sections were cut with Porter-Blum microtomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Transformation of Injected Colloidal Iron Complexes Into Ferritin and Hemosiderin in Experimental Animals

Richter

1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

139

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Although there have been numerous studies on the fate of injected iron compounds in experimental animals (1-8), the transformation of the iron compounds within individual cells has not yet been traced at the molecular level. Recent work in which electron microscopy was combined with other techniques (9-12) has provided information on the molecular structure and the disposition of hemosiderin in several types of cells under varying circumstances, on the relationship of hemosiderin to ferritin, and on the possible role of specialized mitochondria ("siderosomes") in hemosiderosis. In the work now to be presented it has proved possible to distinguish intracellular deposits of iron compounds, given parenterally, from ferritin and from indigenous hemosiderin, and to gain insight into the transformation of the injected iron compounds into ferritin and hemosiderin. The findings bear on several aspects of iron metabolism, especially on the utilization of colloidal iron preparations within macrophages and endothelial cells. General Plan of ExperimentsThe general plan of the experiments was, first, to trace the sequence of changes in the fine structure of intracellular deposits of injected iron compounds in several types of cells in mice and rats at various intervals following intraperitoneal injection; second, to compare the physico-chemical nature of the intracellular material with that of the iron compounds prior to their injection; tkirdly, to confirm the actual presence of ferritin, about or in relation to deposits

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Transformation of Injected Colloidal Iron Complexes Into Ferritin and Hemosiderin in Experimental Animals

Richter

1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

139

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“…All material was then embedded in araldite epoxy-resin (Ciba (A.R.L.) Ltd., Duxford, Cambridge, England), essentially according to the instructions of Glauert and Glauert (17).…”

Section: Flagellar Structure In Certain Flagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Flagellar Structure in Certain Flagellates

Gibbons

Grimstone

1960

The Journal of Cell Biology

713

368

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This paper describes the structure of the flagella, basal bodies, and some of the associated fibre systems in three genera of complex flagellates, Trichonympha, Pseudotrichonympha, and Holomastigotoides.Three groups of longitudinal fibres occur in a flagellum: two central and nine outer fibres such as have been repeatedly described in other material, and an additional set of nine smaller secondary fibres not previously identified as such. Each central fibre shows a helical substructure; the pair of them are enveloped in a common sheath. Each outer fibre is a doublet with one subfibre bearing projections--called arms--that extend toward the adjacent outer fibre.The basal body is formed by a cylinder of nine triplet outer fibres. Two subfibres of each triplet continue into the flagellum and constitute the doublets. The third subfibre terminates at the transition of basal body to flagellum, possibly giving rise to the nine radial transitional fibres that seem to attach the end of the basal body to the surface of the organism. The central and secondary flagellar fibres are not present in the lumen of the basal body, but other complex structures occur there. The form of these intraluminal structures differs from genus to genus.The flagellar unit is highly asymmetrical. All the flagella examined have possessed the same one of the two possible enantiomorphic forms.At least two systems of fibres are associated with the basal bodies of all three genera. This paper is an a t t e m p t to describe the fine structure of the flagella, basal bodies, and some of the associated fibre systems in three genera of complex flagellates, Trichonympha, Pseudotrichonympha, and Holomastigotoides. These protozoa, as will be apparent, constitute exceptionally favourable material for the analysis of flagellar structure. By embedding in epoxy-resin and staining with heavy metals it has been possible to obtain excellent preservation of structural detail,

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“…The fixed cells were washed 3 times with distilled water and embedded in 2 per cent agar. Small agar blocks were cut, dehydrated in an ethanol series plus 2 changes of epoxy-propane, and embedded in Araldite (17). A number of osmium tetroxide fixatives were also tested, including Ryter and Kellenberger's (18) and Millonig's phosphate-buffered OsO4 (19).…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF RHODOSPIRILLUM MOLISCHIANUM

Gibbs

Sistrom

Worden

1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

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By varying thc light intensity and tcmpcrature during growth it is possible to obtain cultures of Rhodospirillum molischianum in which the spccific bacteriochlorophyll contents differ by as much as fivcfold. We used such cultures to compare the changes in the electron microscopic appearance of the cells with thc changes in thc amount and bacteriochlorophyll content of chromatophorc matcrial isolated from cell extracts. Thc cells contained a variable number of internal membranes which arc invaginations of the cell mcmbrane. The shape, size, number, and arrangement of the infoldings varied as the specific bacteriochlorophyll content of the cells changed. In cells with little bactcriochlorophyll, the invaginations were mostly tubular. In cells with largcr amounts of bacteriochlorophyll, the invaginations were disc-shaped and the discs were apprcsscd togcther in stacks of 2 to 10 discs each. Variations in the number of discs per stack could bc accounted for by a simplc statistical model. The average area pcr disc increased with increasing bactcriochlorophyll content. Quantitative estimations of the relative volumcs occupicd by mcmbranes in cells with four different bacteriochlorophyll contents showed that thc amount of internal membranc alone had no direct relationship with the bacteriochlorophyll content of the cells; however, the total amount of membrane (cell membrane plus internal membrane) was directly proportional to the bactcriochlorophyll content. The specific bacteriochlorophyll content of isolated chromatophore material was proportional to the bacteriochlorophyll contcnt of whole cells; the total amount of chromatophore material was independent of the bactcriochlorophyll content of whole cells. Several possible explanations of this paradoxical discrepancy between the electron microscope obscrvations and the analytical results are discussed.

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Araldite as an Embedding Medium for Electron Microscopy

Cited by 602 publications

References 1 publication

The Cellular Transformation of Injected Colloidal Iron Complexes Into Ferritin and Hemosiderin in Experimental Animals

The Cellular Transformation of Injected Colloidal Iron Complexes Into Ferritin and Hemosiderin in Experimental Animals

On Flagellar Structure in Certain Flagellates

THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF RHODOSPIRILLUM MOLISCHIANUM

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