Arboreal Insects Associated With Herbicide-Stressed &lt;I&gt;Pinus resinosa&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Pinus sylvestris&lt;/I&gt; Used as &lt;I&gt;Sirex noctilio&lt;/I&gt; Trap Trees in New York

Dodds, Kevin J.; Zylstra, Kelley E.; Dubois, Garret D.; Hoebeke, E. Richard

doi:10.1603/en12180

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The region of eastern North America invaded by S. noctilio is even more diverse with respect to woodborer diversity: published records indicated 29 species of Cerambycidae and 9 species of Buprestidae, 7 and 1 of which could be described as common (Table 4). Dodds et al [63] found 20 species of Cerambycids associated with Sirex trap trees near Syracuse, NY. In comparison to Europe and North America, pine forests of the Southern Hemisphere are dramatically depauperate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They would clearly be released from such competition in the Southern Hemisphere (Table 5). This would be a favorable scenario for North America, where the diversity of xylophagous insects in pines is comparable to Europe (Table 4; [63]). However, more detailed patterns of occupancy within host trees failed to support a strong role for interspecific competition in determining the abundance of S. noctilio in Galicia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

et al. 2014

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Accelerating introductions of forest insects challenge decision-makers who might or might not respond with surveillance programs, quarantines, eradication efforts, or biological control programs. Comparing ecological controls on indigenous vs. introduced populations could inform responses to new introductions. We studied the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, which is not a pest in its native forests, is a serious invasive pest in the southern hemisphere, and now has an uncertain future in North America after its introduction there. Indigenous populations of S. noctilio (in Galicia, Spain) resembled those in New York in that S. noctilio were largely restricted to suppressed trees that were also dying for other reasons, and still only some dying trees showed evidence of S. noctilio: 20–40% and 35–51% in Galicia and New York, respectively. In both areas, P. sylvestris (native to Europe) was the species most likely to have attacks in non-suppressed trees. P. resinosa, native to North America, does not appear dangerously susceptible to S. noctilio. P. radiata, which sustains high damage in the southern hemisphere, is apparently not innately susceptible because in Galicia it was less often used by native S. noctilio than either native pine (P. pinaster and P. sylvestris). Silvicultural practices in Galicia that maintain basal area at 25–40 m2/ha limit S. noctilio abundance. More than 25 species of other xylophagous insects feed on pine in Galicia, but co-occurrences with S. noctilio were infrequent, so strong interspecific competition seemed unlikely. Evidently, S. noctilio in northeastern North America will be more similar to indigenous populations in Europe, where it is not a pest, than to introduced populations in the southern hemisphere, where it is. However, S. noctilio populations could behave differently when they reach forests of the southeastern U.S., where tree species, soils, climate, ecology, management, and landscape configurations of pine stands are different.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

et al. 2014

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“…However, there are large ecological differences between the invaded regions of North America and those of the Southern Hemisphere, which confound attempts at meaningful comparison. Specifically, North America is host to a diverse guild of other pine‐colonising insects, including cerambycid, buprestid, and curculionid beetles, as well as other native siricids (Dodds et al ., ). In North America, S. noctilio has caused limited tree mortality, primarily attacking suppressed Pinus resinosa Aiton, a native pine, and Pinus sylvestris L., a naturalised pine from Europe (Dodds et al ., ; Ayres et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Foelker

2016

Ecological Entomology

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1. Invasive species with global distributions encounter unique environmental and biotic variables that can greatly affect the magnitude of their impact. The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is a prime example that has invaded climatically and ecologically distinct ecosystems across the Southern Hemisphere and, more recently, North America. 2. Northeastern North America presents a unique set of conditions, including pine host species, native parasitoids, a diverse assemblage of native co‐colonising insects, and fungal associates of these co‐colonisers. In North America, S. noctilio attacks both a naturalised ancestral host (Pinus sylvestris L.) from Europe and a naïve native host (P. resinosa). A large assemblage of insects and their associated bluestaining ophiostomatoid fungi colonise these pines. Competition between S. noctilio and this group is a hypothesised mechanism of biotic resistance in the invaded region of North America, possibly via superior resource capture abilities or alteration of host tissue by bluestain fungi. 3. Investigating these ecological interactions is challenging because they manifest deep in the xylem tissue. To overcome this, 30 experimentally stressed trees were systematically dissected with an electric log splitter to investigate the effects of bluestain fungi and tree factors on S. noctilio development and parasitism by native hymenopterans. 4. Body size and colonisation density were affected by pine species, with S. noctilio being 25% larger and densities three‐fold greater in P. sylvestris than P. resinosa. Survivorship was slightly negatively correlated with the proportional volume of bluestain infection. Interestingly, rhyssine (Rhyssa and Megarhyssa spp.) parasitism responded positively to greater S. noctilio density, but there was no density relationship with Ibalia leucospoides ensiger parasitism. Pine host species appears to play a strong role in S. noctilio development, which is important considering uninvaded regions of North America have a diversity of pine species that likely vary in their susceptibility to this woodborer.

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“…Some species of ambrosia beetles, including Xylosandrus germanus, have been captured in higher numbers in traps lower than the trapping height used in our study [62]. However, these species have also been captured at relatively high numbers on forest trees at heights between 1.5 m and 6 m in previous studies [63,64]. No ambrosia beetle attacks were found at or below our trapping height during tree surveys, so it is unlikely that our trapping methods significantly underestimated these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Enhancing Stand Structure through Snag Creation in Northeastern U.S. Forests: Using Ethanol Injections and Bark Beetle Pheromones to Artificially Stress Red Maple and White Pine

Dodds

Hanavan

Wansleben

2016

Forests

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We investigated two methods to create white pine and red maple snags in a forested setting. The first involved injecting trees with ethanol at two times (single Ethanol (ETOH) and double ETOH injections) to increase attractiveness to insects and elicit attacks on trees. The second method was unique to white pines and involved both injection treatments in combination with baiting trees with Ips-specific pheromones. Three of five white pines from the double ETOH treatment died in the second year. Species including Ips pini (Say), Ips grandicollis Eichhoff, Orthotomicus caelatus Eichhoff, Crypturgus borealis Swaine and Monochamus notatus (Drury) responded more strongly to at least one of the treatments over control trees. However, there were no differences found in individual Scolytinae or Cerambycidae species response to treatments in red maple. Fitness (FV/FM) and vitality (PIabs) were both significantly reduced in both ETOH treatments compared to controls in white pine. In red maple, fitness was reduced in the double ETOH treated trees but the final mean FV/FM values were within the approximate optimal of health. Ethanol injections, in combination with Ips-specific semiochemicals, show promise for creating standing coarse woody debris (CWD) in white pine. Injecting ethanol was not effective for stressing red maple.

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Arboreal Insects Associated With Herbicide-Stressed <I>Pinus resinosa</I> and <I>Pinus sylvestris</I> Used as <I>Sirex noctilio</I> Trap Trees in New York

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Enhancing Stand Structure through Snag Creation in Northeastern U.S. Forests: Using Ethanol Injections and Bark Beetle Pheromones to Artificially Stress Red Maple and White Pine

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