Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance in the Mojave Desert: Seasonal dynamics and impacts of elevated CO2

Clark, Naomi M.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Nowak, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.03.004

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The capacity to invest to increase nutrient uptake is also limited in arid environments. Clark et al (2009) observed no changes in mycorrhizal infection in plants growing in the Mojave Desert in response to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The capacity of plants to increase their growth by a higher uptake or use efficiency of N is very dependent on the chemical form of the source of N. In general, NH 4 + is preferable to NO 3 2 because the allocation of N in plants to nitrate reductase activity must compete with the allocation of other factors (Bauer and Berntson, 2001;Cruz et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

2012

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

2012

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“…Esse talvez tenha sido o caso, considerando os elevados valores de fósforo nos solos analisados, indicando que neste local há um veio desse elemento (E. Sampaio, comunicação pessoal). A planta e o fungo são influenciados por suas próprias necessidades e as do parceiro e as condições do ambiente sujeitam a simbiose a mudanças (Clark et al 2009). …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de Caatinga, PE, Brasil

et al. 2012

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RESUMO(Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de Caatinga, PE, Brasil). O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de determinar a infectividade, a riqueza de FMA e a condição micorrízica da vegetação em área de Caatinga não antropizada. Coleta de solo e raízes foi realizada em Triunfo/PE. Raízes foram examinadas para determinação da colonização micorrízica. O número mais provável (NMP) de propágulos infectivos de FMA foi estimado por diluições sucessivas do solo e a utilização de milho (Zea mays L.) como planta isca. Glomerosporos foram quantificados e preparados em lâminas, para identificação das espécies. As plantas apresentaram-se pouco colonizadas (média < 10%) e o número de glomerosporos foi baixo (< 1 glomerosporo g -1 de solo), como registrado em outras áreas de Caatinga. O NMP de propágulos de FMA variou entre 64 e 70 cm -3 solo, indicando a importância dos outros propágulos (além dos glomerosporos) na dispersão dos FMA. Foram registrados 16 táxons de FMA, dos gêneros Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Kuklospora, Pacispora e Paraglomus; Glomus foi o mais representativo (sete espécies). Pacispora boliviana está sendo relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil. Os elevados teores de P na área provavelmente contribuiram para os baixos valores de colonização, infectividade e riqueza de FMA na área estudada. Confirma-se que os FMA são comuns em solos do semiárido brasileiro, com espécies de Glomus predominando nesse ambiente. Palavra-Chave: Glomeromycota, Ocorrência, Semiárido ABSTRACT(Diversity of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi in an area of Caatinga, PE, Brazil). The objective of this work was to determine the infectivity and richness of AMF and the mycorrhizal conditions of the vegetation in a preserved area of Caatinga. Soil and root samples were taken in two subareas in the municipality of Triunfo, PE. The roots were stained with Trypan blue, and observed with a microscope to determine if colonization of mycorrhizal fungi was present. Glomerospores were extracted from soil, counted, mounted on microscope slides and the AMF species were identified. The plants from the area showed < 10% colonization. The number of glomerospores (<1 g -1 soil) did not differ between the subareas although in one area the amount of P in the soil was three times higher than in the other. The number of AMF propagules varied from 64 to 70 cm -3 in the soil. Sixteen taxa of AMF were registered and Glomus was the most representative genus, with seven species. Pacispora boliviana is reported for the first time in Brazil. The high amount of P probably contributes to the low values of propagules, colonization, infectivity and richness of AMF in the area. AMF have been commonly found in the Brazilian semiarid region and species of Glomus are predominant in this environment.

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“…Additionally, several studies have shown that sporophore yield and biomass in ECM decrease with increased N deposition (e.g., [258,259]). Increased soil temperature has also been sometimes positively correlated with increased root colonization (e.g., [257,261,262]); however, drought negatively affects AM fungal colonization [263].…”

Section: Indirect Affects Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

Bellgard

Williams

2011

Diversity

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Form and function of mycorrhizas as well as tracing the presence of the mycorrhizal fungi through the geological time scale are herein first addressed. Then mycorrhizas and plant fitness, succession, mycorrhizas and ecosystem function, and mycorrhizal resiliency are introduced. From this, four hypotheses are drawn: (1) mycorrhizal diversity evolved in response to changes in Global Climate Change (GCC) environmental drivers, (2) mycorrhizal diversity will be modified by present changes in GCC environmental drivers, (3) mycorrhizal changes in response to ecological drivers of GCC will in turn modify plant, community, and ecosystem responses to the same, and (4) Mycorrhizas will continue to evolve in response to present and future changes in GCC factors. The drivers of climate change examined here are: CO2 enrichment, temperature rise, altered precipitation, increased N-deposition, habitat fragmentation, and biotic invasion increase. These impact the soil-rhizosphere, plant and fungal physiology and/or ecosystem(s) directly and indirectly. Direct effects include changes in resource availability and change in distribution of mycorrhizas. Indirect effects include changes in below ground allocation of C to roots and changes in plant species distribution. GCC ecological drivers have been partitioned into four putative time frames: (1) Immediate (1–2 years) impacts, associated with ecosystem fragmentation and habitat loss realized through loss of plant-hosts and disturbance of the soil; (2) Short-term (3–10 year) impacts, resultant of biotic invasions of exotic mycorrhizal fungi, plants and pests, diseases and other abiotic perturbations; (3) Intermediate-term (11–20 year) impacts, of cumulative and additive effects of increased N (and S) deposition, soil acidification and other pollutants; and (4) Long-term (21–50+ year) impacts, where increased temperatures and CO2 will destabilize global rainfall patterns, soil properties and plant ecosystem resilience. Due to dependence on their host for C-supply, orchid mycorrhizas and all heterotrophic mycorrhizal groups will be immediately impacted through loss of habitat and plant-hosts. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations will be the principal group subject to short-term impacts, along with Ericoid mycorrhizas occurring in high altitude or high latitude ecosystems. This is due to susceptibility (low buffer capacity of soils) of many of the ECM systems and that GCC is accentuated at high latitudes and altitudes. Vulnerable mycorrhizal types subject to intermediate-term GCC changes include highly specialized ECM species associated with forest ecosystems and finally arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) associated with grassland ecosystems. Although the soils of grasslands are generally well buffered, the soils of arid lands are highly buffered and will resist even fairly long term GCC impacts, and thus these arid, largely AM systems will be the least affect by GCC. Once there are major perturbations to the global hydrological cycle that change rainfall patterns and seasonal distributions, no...

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance in the Mojave Desert: Seasonal dynamics and impacts of elevated CO2

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de Caatinga, PE, Brasil

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

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