Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal‐induced tolerance is determined by fungal identity and pathogen density

Bell, Christopher; Magkourilou, Emily; Barker, Helen; Barker, A.; Urwin, Peter E.; Field, Katie J.

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10338

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This increase was positively correlated with the increased amounts of phosphorus, zinc and copper in the shoots. Similarly, two recent studies report on positive effects on PPNs in potato plants colonized by AMF and infected by potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida in the glasshouse and under field conditions (Bell et al 2022 , 2023 ). In the infected plants, the majority of plant carbon was obtained by the nematodes while AMF maintained the transfer of nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Nevertheless, the endophyte was still able to provide enhanced amount of nutrients to the host. More recently, two studies also show positive effects of AMF on the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida in the glasshouse (Bell et al 2022 , 2023 ) and the field (Bell et al 2023 ). The authors showed that the majority of plant carbon was obtained by the nematodes while AMF maintained the transfer of nutrients on infected plants triggering the host tolerance against the parasite (mycorrhizal-induced tolerance, MIT) that results in increase in G. pallida population in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In conclusion, in some cases, the direct interaction between the fungal endophytes such AMF and PPNs was shown to trigger a significant reduction in nematode numbers (reviewed in Hol and Cook 2005 , and Akhtar and Siddiqui 2008 ; Vos et al 2012a , b , c , 2013 ; Daneshkhah et al 2013 ). On the other hand, in some other crop plants, the AMF colonization triggered an increase in nematode populations (Frew et al 2018 ; Gough et al 2021 ; Bell et al 2022 , 2023 ). It is obvious, that the biocontrol effect depends on the AMF isolate, plant species and even its cultivar, pathogen species, type of soil and other environmental conditions (Whipps 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The other side of the coin: systemic effects of Serendipita indica root colonization on development of sedentary plant–parasitic nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Opitz,

Díaz-Manzano,

Ruiz-Ferrer

et al. 2024

Planta

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Main conclusion Upon systemic S. indica colonization in split-root system cyst and root-knot nematodes benefit from endophyte-triggered carbon allocation and altered defense responses what significantly facilitates their development in A. thaliana. Abstract Serendipita indica is an endophytic fungus that establishes mutualistic relationships with different plants including Arabidopsis thaliana. It enhances host’s growth and resistance to different abiotic and biotic stresses such as infestation by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (CN). In this work, we show that S. indica also triggers similar direct reduction in development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (RKN) in A. thaliana. Further, to mimick the natural situation occurring frequently in soil where roots are unequally colonized by endophytes we used an in vitro split-root system with one half of A. thaliana root inoculated with S. indica and the other half infected with CN or RKN, respectively. Interestingly, in contrast to direct effects, systemic effects led to an increase in number of both nematodes. To elucidate this phenomenon, we focused on sugar metabolism and defense responses in systemic non-colonized roots of plants colonized by S. indica. We analyzed the expression of several SUSs and INVs as well as defense-related genes and measured sugar pools. The results show a significant downregulation of PDF1.2 as well as slightly increased sucrose levels in the non-colonized half of the root in three-chamber dish. Thus, we speculate that, in contrast to direct effects, both nematode species benefit from endophyte-triggered carbon allocation and altered defense responses in the systemic part of the root, which promotes their development. With this work, we highlight the complexity of this multilayered tripartite relationship and deliver new insights into sugar metabolism and plant defense responses during S. indica–nematode–plant interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The other side of the coin: systemic effects of Serendipita indica root colonization on development of sedentary plant–parasitic nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Opitz,

Díaz-Manzano,

Ruiz-Ferrer

et al. 2024

Planta

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“…They are hence, use probably more suitable for inclusion in bioformulations than some other micro‐organisms, notably the AMF. These fungi, which belong to the Glomeromycotina and enhance crop performance in moderately dry soils, have proven beneficial effects on crops through their impacts on water relations, phosphorus acquisition and pathogen resistance (Augé, 2001; Bell et al, 2022; Gosling et al, 2006). However, AMF cannot be grown in the absence of their plant hosts, presenting a significant obstacle to generating sufficient material with which to inoculate crops at the scales necessary to improve yield (Rosikiewicz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme environments as sources of fungal endophytes mitigating climate change impacts on crops in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems

Ballesteros,

Newsham,

Acuña‐Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementClimate change is predicted to increase drought and soil salinity in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems (MTEs), posing a significant threat to global food security. Genetic modification of crops to counteract this threat is expensive and has not met with universal support, and alternatives are hence needed to enhance crop production in MTEs. Here, fungal endophytes from the Atacama Desert, High Andes and Antarctica inoculated onto three crops were found to alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity on plant performance. The study concludes that extremophile endophytes might be used to enhance crop performance as the climate of MTEs changes over future decades.Summary Climate change will curtail the ability to provide sufficient food for our rapidly expanding population. Improvements to crop production in changing environments, particularly Mediterranean‐type ecosystems (MTEs), which are increasingly subjected to drought and salinisation, are hence urgently needed. Here, we explored the possibility that fungal endophytes from extreme environments can be used to enhance crop yield, survival and tolerance to environmental stresses. Plants of lettuce, tomato and bell pepper were inoculated with up to six species of endophytic fungi isolated from the Atacama Desert, the High Andes and Antarctica. They were then exposed in the field for up to 120 days in each of three summers to current climatic conditions or to a future climate scenario simulating increased drought and soil salinisation. Compared with uninoculated plants, the yield and survival of inoculated crops were increased by up to two‐fold under the future climate scenario. These effects were in part attributable to the improved water balance of inoculated crops exposed to drought and salinisation. The inocula also increased the concentrations of total phenols and proline in leaves and decreased lipid peroxidation when plants were subjected to increased aridity and salinity. A mixed inoculum of six endophytes from the extreme environments conferred the most beneficial effects on crop performance, with a commercially available inoculum having fewer positive effects on crops. We conclude that the inoculation of crops with endophytes from extreme environments may be a viable solution to sustaining crop production in MTEs exposed to rapid climate change.

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“…Investigating the relationship between AMF and plant immune responses can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of both plant defense mechanisms and fungal biology. It is widely acknowledged that AMF can bolster a plant's resistance to pathogens, however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly comprehended [35,36]. Through the investigation of the molecular pathways implicated in this interaction, researchers can gain fresh insights into plant defense mechanisms against pathogens.…”

Section: Exploring the Role Of Amf In Modulating Plant Immune Respons...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Pathogens

Ephraim Motaroki Menge

2023

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere has been shown to exert a substantial influence on plant disease resistance. The colonization of AMF induces a cascade of defense responses in plants, resulting in heightened resistance to pathogen invasion. The current study unveils the essential role of AMF in initiating systemic defense responses in plants. When plants undergo colonization by AMF, they initiate a variety of molecular and biochemical mechanisms that enhance their immune system. These systemic defense responses equip the plant with the ability to both withstand invading pathogens and ready neighboring uninfected tissues for potential future attacks. In addition, the establishment of AMF in the roots can induce physical alterations in the root architecture, thereby increasing the difficulty for pathogens to infiltrate and infect plants. While there have been notable advancements in understanding the overall impact of AMF colonization on plant disease resistance, further investigation is needed. Future investigations should delve into the mechanisms of AMF colonization on plant disease resistance, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the signaling pathways and biochemical factors that trigger systemic defense responses. This will offer valuable insights into the molecular foundation of plant immunity and aid in the development of precise disease management strategies. AMF can also serve as biocontrol agents for sustainable management of plant diseases, thereby decreasing dependency on chemical pesticides and encouraging environmentally-conscious practices. The efficiency of AMF colonization and the expression of plant defense responses can be significantly altered by environmental factors, such as soil conditions and nutrient availability. Comprehending these factors will facilitate the formulation of efficient management tactics to enhance biotic interactions in agricultural systems.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal‐induced tolerance is determined by fungal identity and pathogen density

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

The other side of the coin: systemic effects of Serendipita indica root colonization on development of sedentary plant–parasitic nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

The other side of the coin: systemic effects of Serendipita indica root colonization on development of sedentary plant–parasitic nematodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Extreme environments as sources of fungal endophytes mitigating climate change impacts on crops in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems

Evaluating the Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Pathogens

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