Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride cooperative effect on biochemical, mineral content, and protein pattern of onion plants

Abstract

The benefits of growth‐stimulating microbes in crop production represent great opportunities for recent agricultural practices. Thus, the present investigation deals with examining whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or Trichoderma viride application or their dual inoculation could improve the biochemical parameters and mineral and nutrient contents of onion plants (Allium cepa) under glasshouse conditions. The results evidenced that both AM fungi and T. viride are compatible with each other, and their combined use is effective, not only in improving the biochemical parameters, such as total soluble carbohydrates, protein contents, total free amino acids, acid, and alkaline phosphatases, but also in increasing mineral and nutrient contents (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn) in onion plants, in which an increase of 67%, 49%, and 112% was observed in shoot onion P content with AM, T. viride, and with their dual inoculation, respectively, as compared with the controlled ones. Also, AM fungal colonization percentage augmented greatly with T. viride inoculation. Moreover, the protein profile of onion leaves revealed the appearance of newly protein bands with AM and T. viride applications. Therefore, their applications improved onion plant development, which could be used to replace the expensive chemical fertilizers, thus increasing onion quality.

Effect of Biofertilization and Some Sinai’s Flora Extracts on the Vegetative Growth and Yield of Broad Bean

“…Mahmoudi et al, (2020) observed that the mycorrhizal frequency and spore density, varied between plants in the same site and, for each plant, between sites and evidenced a positive effect of mycorrhized plants on soil microbial activity. Metwally (2020) showed that the highest colonization rate was recorded in onion roots dually inoculated with AMF and Trichoderma viride, followed by those singly inoculated with AM fungi. Martínez-Medina et al, (2009) found that the presence of T. harzianum significantly increased AMF colonization, except in the treatment with G. mosseae.…”

“…Yield and its quality were improved through inoculation with the combination of AMF and Trichoderma followed by a separate inoculation of these fungi (Chandanie et al, 2009;Nzanza et al, 2012;Colla et al, 2015a, and b;Metwally 2020).…”

Tracking of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Effects on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plant Growth, Pigments, Mineral Content and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

“…One of these new technologies is the application of NPs where [ 44 ] used ZnO NPs to determine their effect on maize compared to ZnSO 4 application and reported that ZnO NPs improved yield and Zn content compared to ZnSO 4 . Additionally, AM fungi can increase the accumulation of many nutrients, including Zn [ 15 ].…”

“…As a representative, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, possibly the most important symbioses on earth, can form a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of over 90% of land plants. They play a key role in plant growth promotion directly by providing nutrition and/or indirectly by protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. AM fungi as an example of soil microorganisms that can be affected by, and exposed to, NPs that are either intentionally liberated into the environment (NP containing amendments besides nanoagrochemicals) or reach into the soil as nanomaterial pollutants [ 17 ].…”

Alleviation of the adverse effects of NaCl stress on tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Trichoderma viride through the antioxidative defense system

“…One of these growth-promoting microbes is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that have been reported to boost the ability of plants such as cowpea and fenugreek to cope with salinity [12]. Besides, Trichoderma species, a genus of plant bene cial fungi, can provide opportunistic symbionts to induce plant tolerance to abiotic stresses [16,17]. These fungal species are often found in the rhizosphere and can provide bene cial effects on plant growth and yields [13,18].…”