Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with shade trees and Coffea arabica L. in a coffee-based agroforestry system in Bonga, Southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

In a first step to understand the interactions between Colfea arabica L. trees and mycorrhizae in Ethiopia, an investigation of the current mycorrhizal colonization status of roots was undertaken. We sampled 14 shade tree species occurring in coffee populations in Bonga forest, Ethiopia. Milletia ferruginea, Schefflera abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, Ficus vasta, F. sur, Albizia gummifera, Olea capensis, Cordia africana, Ehretia abyssinica, Pouteria adolfi-friederici, Pavetta oliveriana, Prunus africana, Phoenix reclinata and Polyscias fulva. Coffee trees sampled under each shade tree were all shown to be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi). Four genera and 9 different species of AM fungi were found in the soils. Glomus (Sp1, Sp2, & Sp3 & Sp4), Scutellospora (Sp1 & Sp2) and Gigaspora (Sp1 & Sp2) were found under all 14 shade tree species, whereas Acaulospora (Sp1) occurred only in slightly acidic soils, within a pH range of 4.93-5.75. Generally, roots of the coffee trees were colonized by arbuscules to a greater degree than those of their shade trees, the arbuscular colonization percentage (AC%) of the former being higher than the latter (significant difference at 0.05 level). Though differences were not statistically significant, the overall hyphal colonization percentage (HC%) and mycorrhizal hyphal colonization percentage (MHC%) were shown to be slightly higher under coffee trees than under their shade trees. However, the differences were statistically significant at 0.05 level in the case of HC% values of coffee trees under Pouteria adolf-friederici and MHC% under Cordia africana. Spore density and all types of proportional root colonization parameters (HC%, MHC%, AC% and vesicular colonization percentage, VC%) for both coffee and shade trees were negatively and significantly correlated with organic soil carbon, total N, available P, EC and Zn. Correlation between arbuscular colonization for coffee (AC%) and organic carbon was not significantly positive at a 0.05 level. Incidence of specific spore morphotypes was also correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Results indicate that AM fungi could potentially be important in aforestation and help to promote coffee production activities in Ethiopia providing an alternative to expensive chemical fertilizer use, and would offer management methods that take advantage of natural systems dynamics that could potentially preserve and enhance coffee production.

The Economic Values of Coffea Arabica Biodiversity in Ethiopia

“…Additional ecosystem services of the coffee forests and agroforests are quite broad. The notable ones include soil and water conservation, nutrient cycling and soil fertility enhancement through soil-micro-biota association and habitat for many species of organizations [15,[54][55][56][57][58][59]. Most of these services are difficult for valuation in monetary terms, and attempt on inadequate information can lead to overestimation or compounding other estimates, and therefore, not considered in this assessment.…”

Shade tree trait diversity and functions in agroforestry systems: A review of which traits matter

“…Numerous studies on the benefits of agroforestry on soil fertility exist (Albrecht & Kandji, 2003; Beillouin et al., 2021; Dollinger & Jose, 2018; Lal, 2004; Tscharntke et al., 2011). Studies on soil fertility in cocoa and coffee agroforestry systems commonly highlight null to positive impacts on soil carbon (C) and soil fertility (Getachew et al., 2023; Isaac et al., 2007; Sauvadet, Asare, et al., 2020; Sauvadet, Saj, et al., 2020; Wartenberg et al., 2020), as well as on soil biodiversity (Muleta et al., 2007; Sauvadet et al., 2019; Sewnet & Tuju, 2013) under shade tree canopies. Over the last decade, data have emerged on the impacts of specific shade tree traits on soil functions.…”