Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture

Wilkes, Thomas I

doi:10.3390/encyclopedia1040085

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(294 reference statements)

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“…Upon the establishment of symbiosis, they provide mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), to the host plants (Kobae, 2019;Das et al, 2022;Rui et al, 2022;Yadav et al, 2022). In return, AMF receive carbohydrates and lipids from the host plants (Jiang et al, 2017;Luginbuehl et al, 2017;Sugiura et al, 2020;Wilkes, 2021;Kameoka and Gutjahr, 2022). AMF can enhance the resistance of host plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses, such as nutrient infertility, drought, heavy metal poisoning, low pH, pests and diseases, thereby improving the growth, yields, and quality of crops (Begum et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2020a;El-Sawah et al, 2021;Feng et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2022;Weng et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato

Liu,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish symbiotic associations with the roots of most terrestrial plants, thereby improving the tolerance of the host plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although AMF cannot synthesize lipids de novo, they can obtain lipids from the root cells for their growth and development. A recent study reveals that AMF can directly take up myristate (C14:0 lipid) from the environment and produce a large amount of hyphae in asymbiotic status; however, the effect of environmental lipids on AM symbiosis is still unclear. In this study, we inoculated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with AMF in an in vitro dual culture system and a sand culture system, and then applied exogenous myristate to the substrate, in order to explore the effect of exogenous lipids on the mycorrhizal colonization of AMF. We investigated the hyphae growth, development, and colonization of AMF, and examined the gene expression involved in phosphate transport, lipid biosynthesis, and transport. Results indicate that exogenous lipids significantly stimulated the growth and branching of hyphae, and significantly increased the number of hyphopodia and mycorrhizal colonization of AMF, with arbuscular abundance and intraradical spores or vesicles being the most promoted. In contrast, exogenous myristate decreased the growth range and host tropism of the germ tubes, and largely inhibited the exchange of nutrition between symbionts. As a result, exogenous myristate did not affect the plant growth. This study suggests that lipids promote mycorrhizal colonization by enhancing the growth and development of AMF hyphae and increasing their contact opportunities with plant roots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that lipids promote the colonization of AMF. Our study highlights the importance of better understanding the roles of environmental lipids in the establishment and maintenance of AM symbiosis and, thus, in agricultural production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato

Liu,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…1 C) was higher mainly in plants inoculated with the AMF C. etunicatum but did not differ from those inoculated with R. intraradices (ROOTELLA BR) and R. clarus . The percentage of colonization in plants was not so high, and this limitation of root colonization when the plant is under hydric deficit can occur for several reasons, including a decrease in germination and spore growth, decrease in the number of AMF, inhibition in growth and dissemination of hyphae in soil 42 , decline in carbohydrate supply by host plants 43 , where the corn exudes carboxylates poorly 44 and the high level of phosphorus in the soil having a negative influence on the mycorrhizal response 45 , providing reduction in symbiosis 46 . In addition, the type of plant and fungus, cultivation conditions and exposure time interfere with the colonization potential 47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with maize plants during hydric deficit

Santana

Silva

Tavares

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to verify the physiological behavior and development of maize plants under hydric deficit inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum and the commercial inoculant ROOTELLA BR in nonsterilized soil as a strategy to mitigate the effects of drought in the crop. Corn seeds were grown and inoculated with R. clarus, C. etunicatum and the commercial inoculant ROOTELLA BR separately at sowing. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and submitted to water deficit in stage V3, keeping the pots at 20% field capacity for 10 days. The first analyses were performed, followed by reirrigation for 2 days, and the analyses were performed again. The experiment was a double factorial, with 2 water treatments (irrigated and water deficit) × 4 inoculation treatments (control, ROOTELLA BR, R. clarus, C. etunicatum) × 5 replicates per treatment, totaling 40 vessels. The results indicate that the plants were able to recover favorably according to the physiological data presented. It is noted that in inoculated plants, there was no damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. These data demonstrate that AMF contribute greatly to better plant recovery after a dry period and a new irrigation period. Inoculation with AMF favors postwater stress recovery in plants.

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“…The root tips are not generally colonized, and hyphae develop from a spore to produce a specialized swollen structure on the root epidermis known as the hyphopodium [88]. Fungal colonization leads to the formation of so-called arbuscules, which are fan-like, highly branched structures that develop inside inner root cortical cells and represent the main site of nutrient exchange between the two symbiosis partners [75,84,89,90].…”

Section: The Rhizosphere: a Theater Of Interactions Between Plants An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Plant–Microbe Interactions with a Focus on Poorly Investigated Urban Ecosystems—A Review

Monaco,

Baldoni,

Naclerio

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The urbanization process, which began with the Industrial Revolution, has undergone a considerable increase over the past few decades. Urbanization strongly affects ecological processes, often deleteriously, because it is associated with a decrease in green spaces (areas of land covered by vegetation), loss of natural habitats, increased rates of species extinction, a greater prevalence of invasive and exotic species, and anthropogenic pollutant accumulation. In urban environments, green spaces play a key role by providing many ecological benefits and contributing to human psychophysical well-being. It is known that interactions between plants and microorganisms that occur in the rhizosphere are of paramount importance for plant health, soil fertility, and the correct functioning of plant ecosystems. The growing diffusion of DNA sequencing technologies and “omics” analyses has provided increasing information about the composition, structure, and function of the rhizomicrobiota. However, despite the considerable amount of data on rhizosphere communities and their interactions with plants in natural/rural contexts, current knowledge on microbial communities associated with plant roots in urban soils is still very scarce. The present review discusses both plant–microbe dynamics and factors that drive the composition of the rhizomicrobiota in poorly investigated urban settings and the potential use of beneficial microbes as an innovative biological tool to face the challenges that anthropized environments and climate change impose. Unravelling urban biodiversity will contribute to green space management, preservation, and development and, ultimately, to public health and safety.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture

Cited by 18 publications

References 166 publications

Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato

Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with maize plants during hydric deficit

Impact of Plant–Microbe Interactions with a Focus on Poorly Investigated Urban Ecosystems—A Review

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