Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance the growth of tropical endangered species Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in post gold mine field in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Husna, Tuheteru FD, Arif A. 2021. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance the growth of tropical endangered species Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in post gold mine field in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3844-3853. Gold mining activities contribute to the national economy, but have a serious impact on forest and environmental degradation and pose a threat to tree species in the tropics. Reforestation of post-gold mining with tropical legume tree species is threatened with extinction. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are effective in conservation of endangered plants and restoration of degraded land. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of native AM Fungi inoculation on the growth of Pterocarpus indicus and Pericopsis mooniana in nurseries and post-gold mining fields. P. indicus and P. mooniana seedlings were inoculated with Glomus claroideum Schenk & Smith, Glomus coronatum Giovann., and mixed AMF (G. claroideum, G. coronatum). Uninoculated seedlings were used as control treatment, and they were maintained for 4 months under greenhouse conditions. After 4 months in greenhouse, seedlings were transferred to post-gold mine and planted for 4 months. The percentage of AMF colonization, plant growth, nutrient content and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Mn were measured after 4 months both in the greenhouse and the field. The percentage of AMF colonization under greenhouse conditions in P. indicus and P. mooniana ranged 5.67-75.3% and 2.2-41.2%. All AMF colonization tended to have higher shoot height, leaf numbers and nodules, plant dry weight and N, P, K content under greenhouse conditions. Shoot height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, N, P, K, Mn and Fe under field conditions had higher inoculated seedlings than control four months after planting. AMF could be used to conserve endangered tree species in post-gold mining reforestation in the tropics.

GROWTH OF ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) MYCORRHIZAE 23 MONTHS AGE IN POST GOLD MINING

“…The research starts with preparing the tools and materials needed to carry out research. The stages of the research are as follows: 1) This research is a follow-up study from previous research on a greenhouse scale related to the application of AMF for Angsana wood plants (Husna et al 2020) and continued with field-scale research on a four-month-old postgold mine (Husna et al 2021b). At the age of Twenty Three months in the field, 15 leaves were harvested from each plant (randomly selected leaves that were old and green) in each treatment to keep the plant intact in the field (Giri et al 2005), 2) The harvested leaves are then dried in an oven at 70°C for 2x24 hours.…”

“…2 October 2022 (79-86) 2019a,b; 2021a,b). AMF was reported to increase the growth of plants grown on post-gold mining media at the plastic house scale (Husna et al 2019b;Husna et al 2021a;) and the field scale at 4 months after planting (Husna et al 2021b;Arif et al 2021). It is necessary to observe the sustainability of plant growth success in post-gold mining during the growing period.…”

“…Planting P. indicus in the post-mining land reclamation program is also part of the P. indicus conservation strategy in Indonesia. P. indicus has been planted in post-gold mines in Bombana District and has been evaluated for growth at 4 months after planting (Husna et al 2021b). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of AMF on the viability and growth of 23 months old P. indicus mycorrhizal plants in the post-Bombana gold mining area, Southeast Sulawesi.…”

Using of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Compost and Mycorrhizae Arbuscular for Improving the Fertility of Nickel Post-Mining Soil

“…According to Wright & Uphadhyaya (1998) in Musfal (2010), MVA through its external roots produces glomalin glycoprotein compounds and organic acids that will bind soil grains into micro aggregates. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biological agents is an environmentally friendly biological approach and has been widely developed in the fi elds of forestry, agriculture and plantations (Husna et al, 2021;Ghaida et al, 2020). The advantages obtained by the use of MVA are that they do not cause environmental pollution, and also play an active role in the nutrient cycle (Herawati et al, 2021).…”

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Kalappia celebica: An endemic and endangered plant species in Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…AMF are reported to be effective in the improvement and cultivation of endangered species and can significantly accelerate the succession and survival of species in conservation and restoration programs (Sharma et al 2008;Zubek et al 2009;Bothe et al 2010;Husna et al 2018). In Indonesia, the AMF application studies for the conservation of endangered species have been reported in Aquilaria malaccensis and A. crassna (Turjaman et al 2006a), A. filaria (Turjaman et al 2006b), Kalappia celebica (Husna et al 2019a;2021a;Arif et al 2021), Pericopsis mooniana (Husna et al 2016;2019b;2021b), and Pterocarpus indicus (Husna et al 2021b).…”