Arbuscular Mycorrhization in Colombian and Introduced Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Genotypes Cultivated on Degraded Soils of the Amazon Region

Abstract

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis, (Willd. Ex Adr. de Juss) Muell. Arg, Euphorbiaceae) is an important commercial latex-producing plant. Commercially, rubber is reproduced from a limited number of grifting genotypes. New promising genotypes have been selected to replace traditional genotypes. In addition, rubber has been promoted to recuperate Amazon soils degraded by extensive cattle ranching. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is an important alternative for improving plant nutrition in rubber trees and recuperating degraded soils, but AM fungal communities on different plantations and in rubber genotypes are unknown. Spore abundance, root colonization and AM fungal community composition were evaluated in rubber roots of Colombian and introduced genotypes cultivated in degraded soils with different plantation types. Traditional (spore isolation and description; clearing and staining roots) and molecular techniques (Illumina sequencing) were used to assess AM fungi. Rubber roots hosted a diverse AM fungal community of 135 virtual taxa (VT) in 13 genera. The genus Glomus represented 66% of the total AM fungal community. Rubber genotype did not affect the arbuscular mycorrhization, hosting similar AM fungal communities. The composition of the AM fungal community on old and young rubber plantations was different. Diversity in AM fungi in rubber roots is an important characteristic for restoring degraded soils.

Microbial activity and hard red spring wheat growth improvement following biostimulant application

“…ProGanics contained unknown quantities of soil amendments humic acid and seaweed extracts which are generally considered to have positive interactions on root colonization percent in other crop types (Maji et al., 2017; Rasouli et al., 2022). Information about SSB is not known, but generally AMF inoculation is reported to have inconsistent results on root colonization, as the symbiosis is driven by P dynamics and dependent on host plant species and genotypes (Venegas et al., 2021). Thus, plant physiology and subsoil properties beyond P may be affecting the frequency and effectiveness AMF–plant mutualistic relationships that ProGanics nor SSB can ameliorate in this short‐term study.…”

Comparative Analysis of Bacteria, Fungi, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Medicinal Plants Lippia alba and Petiveria alliacea in Colombia

“…This taxon is recognized for its broad versatility, which gives it the ability to colonize various plant roots without needing a specific affinity. Additionally, the higher presence of Paraglomus in the soils of Palmira for both plants could be linked to factors of the plant growth environment since the genus has been associated with soils rich in plant diversity and forested areas [49,50]. Moreover, the higher abundance of Diversispora in Sibundoy for L. alba, compared to other sampling points, could be associated with reduced precipitation levels, which have previously been described as a factor for the genus's high abundance and potentially diminishing the dominance of Glomus [51].…”

Changes in Soil-Borne Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi during Natural Regrowth of Abandoned Cattle Pastures Are Indicative of Ecosystem Restoration

“…A reduction of Glomus abundance in the soil during the successional regrowth might reflect less stressing environmental conditions that reduced the need of Glomus to sporulate [16]. Paraglomus has been associated with forested areas [14,20,28] and its increasing abundance in the soil during the successional regrowth could reflect the preference of this genus for more diverse and forested environments. These two particular changes in the AM fungal community composition over the successional chronosequence might be considered signals of environmental restoration.…”

“…The 25-40 plots corresponded to a middle-age secondary successional forest, with some Melastomataceae species, but with a high and dense forest. The plant families with higher number of species were Rubiaceae (43), Melastomataceae (40), Mimosaceae (33), Moraceae (33), Fabaceae (30), Annonaceae (28), Lauraceae (27), Burseraceae (18), Clusiaceae (18), Euphorbiaceae (18) and Myristicaceae (17). The dominant plant species were Tapirira guianensis (134), Siparuna guianensiss (120), Adenocalymma aspericarpum (114), Casearia arborea (87), Henriettea fascicularis (61), Matayba inelegans (49) and Guatteria punctata (49).…”

“…Each library was ligated to Illumina adaptors, using the TruSeq DNA PCR-free library prep kit (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform, using a 2 × 300 bp paired-read sequencing approach. Sequencing was done at the Asper Biogene laboratory (Tartu, Estonia) as described by Peña-Venegas et al [28].…”