Arbutin and a Related Glucoside in Immature Pear Fruit

Durkee, A. B.; Johnston, F. B.; Thivierge, P. A.; Poapst, P. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb03655.x

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The highest levels have been detected particularly in immature fruits. Its possible role as a polyphenol oxidase substrate could not be established 34. In our study the arbutin contents were higher than those previously reported in D'Anjou and Bosc pear flesh 5…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Biberstein

Harel

Heilper

2009

Concurrency and Computation

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SUMMARYCell/B.E. is a heterogeneous multicore processor that was designed for the efficient execution of parallel and vectorizable applications with high computation and memory requirements. The transition to multicores introduces the challenge of providing tools that help programmers tune the code running on these architectures. Tracing tools, in particular, often help locate performance problems related to thread and process communication. A major impediment to implementing tracing on Cell is the absence of a common clock that can be accessed at low cost from all cores. The OS clock is costly to access from the auxiliary cores and the hardware timers cannot be simultaneously set on all the cores. In this paper, we describe an offline trace analysis algorithm that assigns wall-clock time to trace records based on their thread-local time stamps and event order. Our experiments on several Cell SDK workloads show that the indeterminism in assigning wall-clock time to events is low, on average 20-40 clock ticks (translating into 1.4-2.8 ls on the system used in our experiments). We also show how various practical problems, such as the imprecision of time measurement, can be overcome.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Biberstein

Harel

Heilper

2009

Concurrency and Computation

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“…Such an increase could trigger pear browning, since arbutin has been described as a polyphenol oxidase substrate. 23 In the flesh and peel of apples, the concentration of phenolic compounds (flavan-3-ols and chlorogenic acid) decreased during development at early stages of ripening, 24,25 in agreement with our results, which encompassed a decreasing trend of these compounds after harvest and throughout the whole ripening period.…”

Section: Influence Of Storage Conditions On Phenolic Contentsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of different levels of CO₂ on the antioxidant content and the polyphenol oxidase activity of ‘Rocha’ pears during cold storage

et al. 2005

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Pears (Pyrus communis L. cv. 'Rocha') were exposed to air or controlled atmosphere (CA) containing various concentrations of CO 2 : 0, 0.5 and 5 kPa, all with 2 kPa O 2 . After 4 months of storage at 2 • C, the fruits were transferred to air at room temperature, and assessed in terms of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, incidence of brown heart and flesh browning, phenolic content, vitamin C content and polyphenol oxidase activity. By 4 months of storage, soluble solids and pH increased, and acidity decreased relative to harvest, but no differences were detected between pears stored under air or any of the CA tested. Higher contents of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavan-3-ols in the peel than in the flesh were recorded. However, the content of arbutin was higher in the flesh than in the peel, whereas flavonols were only detected in the peel. In general, hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonols were stable throughout storage, but flavan-3-ols decreased in concentration under air or CA. Arbutin was the only phenolic compound that increased in concentration as time elapsed. No clear relation was found between the storage conditions tested and the phenolic concentration in pears. Regarding ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), their concentrations were higher in the peel than in the flesh. Furthermore, AA and DHA were strongly affected by storage: the former decreased, whereas the latter increased in content. A decrease in PPO activity was apparent after harvest and during storage, particularly under higher levels of CO 2 . The combination 2 kPa O 2 + 5 kPa CO 2 increased the incidence of internal disorders (viz. brown heart and flesh browning) after storage.

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“…Its possible role as a polyphenol oxidase substrate could not be established. 34 In our study the arbutin contents were higher than those previously reported in D'Anjou and Bosc pear flesh. 5 Regarding total phenolics in the peel, Red D'Anjou had the highest content (200.5 mg kg −1 peel), followed by Bosc and Forelle (166.5 and 164.1 mg 100 g −1 peel respectively).…”

Section: Phenolic Content In Pear Peel and Fleshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity

2003

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The main phenolic compounds in six pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESIMS). Major quantitative differences were found in the phenolic profiles. The peel contained higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid, flavonols and arbutin than the flesh, where only chlorogenic acid was detected. Total phenolics ranged from 1235 to 2005 mg kg −1 in the peel and from 28 to 81 mg k g −1 in the flesh. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid were detected in the peel, whereas only dehydroascorbic acid was present in the flesh. The ranges of vitamin C content were from 116 to 228 mg kg −1 in the peel and from 28 to 53 mg kg −1 in the flesh. The antioxidant capacity was correlated with the content of chlorogenic acid (r = 0.46), while ascorbic acid made only a small contribution to the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit.

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Arbutin and a Related Glucoside in Immature Pear Fruit

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Effect of different levels of CO₂ on the antioxidant content and the polyphenol oxidase activity of ‘Rocha’ pears during cold storage

Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity

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Arbutin and a Related Glucoside in Immature Pear Fruit

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Clock synchronization in Cell/B.E. traces

Effect of different levels of CO2 on the antioxidant content and the polyphenol oxidase activity of ‘Rocha’ pears during cold storage

Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity

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Product

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Effect of different levels of CO₂ on the antioxidant content and the polyphenol oxidase activity of ‘Rocha’ pears during cold storage