Arc and flash burn hazards at various levels of an electrical system

Jamil, Shahid; Jones, R.D.; McClung, L.B.

doi:10.1109/pcicon.1995.523967

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Beginning with Ralph H. Lee's paper in 1982 [13], and continuing over the next 25 years, substantial research has been published on the thermal hazard of facility power arc, from the flash hazard [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Some measurements were made on the acoustic pressures generated by the relatively slow (100 ms) rising facility arcs.…”

Section: E Electrical Arc Injury Studies and Results For Ac Power Symentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete electrical arc hazard classification system and its application

Gordon

Cartelli

Graham

2015

2015 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop

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The Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, NFPA 70E, and relevant OSHA electrical safety standards evolved in the US, over the past 40 years, to address the hazards of 60-Hz power that are faced primarily by electricians, linemen, and others performing facility and utility work. This leaves a substantial gap in the management of other types of electrical hazards including battery banks, DC power systems, capacitor banks, and solar power systems. Although many of these systems are fed by 50/60-Hz alternating current (ac) energy, we find substantial use of direct current (dc) electrical energy, and the use of capacitors, inductors, batteries, solar, and radiofrequency (RF) power. The electrical hazards of these forms of electricity and their systems are different than for 50/60 Hz ac power.At this workshop in 2009 we presented a comprehensive approach to classifying the electrical shock hazards of all types of electricity, including various waveforms and various types of sources of electrical energy. That paper introduced a new comprehensive electrical shock hazard classification system that used a combination of voltage, shock current available, fault current available, power, energy, and waveform to classify all forms of electrical hazards with a focus on the shock hazard.

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Section: E Electrical Arc Injury Studies and Results For Ac Power Symentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete electrical arc hazard classification system and its application

Gordon

Cartelli

Graham

2015

2015 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop

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“…Part 11, Appendix D, also contains a sample of a typical hazardrisk evaluation procedure flow chart. A more detailed discussion of OSHA and NFPA 70E requirements, and tables showing a tabulation of curable burn distances for electrical equipment at commercial and industrial installations, are included in Jamil's, Jone's, and McClung's work [6].…”

Section: Table 1 -Comparison Of Typical Electric Arc and Flame Exposumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If exposure to electric shock is also a hazard, then appropriate rubber insulation equipment must also be worn. The authors in [6] report that normal leather protectors required by Class 0 or higher rubber gloves provide adequate protection from flash. Experience from actual arc incidents shows that the cotton stitching in leather gloves frequently disappears during the arc exposure, but remains in place long enough to provide adequate protection [6].…”

Section: Protective Guidelines For the Facehead Hands And Feetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Neal

Bingham²,

Doughty³

Proceedings of 1996 IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference

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Since 1982 when Ralph Lee wrote about "The Other Electrical Hazard: Electric Arc Blast Burns" [l], industrial and utility engineers have been attempting to better quantify the degree of risk to personnel associated with electric arc exposure and the appropriate protactive clothing to wear to mitigate serious injury. Recent activity by OSHA, NFPA 70E and ASTM F-18 has further emphasized the need to protect workers from arc flash burn injuries. This paper discusses the results of recent multiphase arc testing which has enhanced knowledge about: 1) potential arc energy as a function of prospective fault current, and 2) arc protective clothing designs that are suitable for different levels of incident arc energy. Incident energy levels are correlated with second degree burn criteria for unprotected human skin. Protective clothing systems consisting of flame resistant outer layers in singlelayer and multiple-layer construction, as well as combination systems of jlame resistant outer layers with natural and man-made fiber inner layers are discussed Protection recommendations for the face, head, hands and feet are also includedRegulations in OSHA 1910 Subpart R require that employees wear appropriate clothing when they may be exposed to an electric arc hazard. To meet these regulations, employees must not wear clothing that could increase the extent of injury that would be sustained by the employee in the event of electric arc exposure. Clothing made from acetate, nylon, polyester or rayon, either alone or in blends, is prohibited by OSHA 1910.269 unless the employer can demonstrate that the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered, or that the clothing is worn in a manner that eliminates the hazard. OSHA has issued supplementary guidance for untreated cotton and wool, c l m n g the need for employers to determine that these materials would not ignite in potential arc exposure situations.The most recent edition of NFPA 70E, "Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces,"[5] was completed at the request of OSHA and was issued by NFPA on February 7, 1995. Part 11, Chapter 3 covers personal protective equipment and requires for body ISBN: 0-7803-3587-2 96-CH35988-6/96/0000-028 1 $05.00 @ 1996 IEEE

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“…In order to resist the ablation of arc, the cable room, bus chamber and circuit breaker room which are close to the charged body adopt the double-layer structure, to delay the time of arc burning through. Figure 13 shows the overall structure of optimized improvement design of KYN28 switchgear [9] .…”

Section: B the Improvement Of The Cable Room's Door Plankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Improvement Design of KYN28 Switchgear Based On The Finite Element Model

Jia¹,

Shen²

2015

Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Computer and Education Informatization

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Nowadays 12kv medium voltage switchgear equipment is widely used in city power supply and distribution system. Combined with the characteristics of KYN28 switchgear, making theoretical analysis with Solidworks software and ANSYS based on the finite element model,the body strength of switchgear is improved and optimized,providing theoretical basis for the entity manufacturing of switchgear, providing theoretical basis for the physical design of switchgear.

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Arc and flash burn hazards at various levels of an electrical system

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

A complete electrical arc hazard classification system and its application

A complete electrical arc hazard classification system and its application

Protective clothing guidelines for electric arc exposure

Optimized Improvement Design of KYN28 Switchgear Based On The Finite Element Model

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