Arc Tracking Control in Insulation Systems for Aeronautic Applications: Challenges, Opportunities, and Research Needs

Riba, Jordi-Roger; Gómez-Pau, Álvaro; Moreno-Eguilaz, Manuel; Bogarra, Santiago

doi:10.3390/s20061654

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Insulation materials have been being introduced to combat insulation degradation [129]- [130]. In addition, a review of wiring insulation materials was carried out in [131]. Also, by the same authors, a method was proposed in [132] to not only detect corona effect in usual pressure ranges during commercial flights, 20 kPa to 100 kPa, but also allows for locating the discharge point.…”

Section: F Wiring Harnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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Narrow body and wide body aircraft are responsible for more than 75% of aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and aviation, itself, was responsible for about 2.5% of all GHG emissions in the United States in 2018. This situation becomes worse when considering a 4-5% annual growth in air travel. Electrified aircraft is clearly a promising solution to combat the GHG challenge; thus, the trend is to eliminate all but electrical forms of energy in aircraft power distribution systems. However, electrification adds tremendously to the complexity of aircraft electric power systems (EPS), which is dramatically changing in our journey from conventional aircraft to more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA). In this paper, we provide an in-depth discussion on MEA/AEA EPS: electric propulsion, distributed propulsion systems (DPS), EPS voltage levels, power supplies, and EPS architectures are discussed. Publications on power flow (PF) analysis and management of EPS are reviewed, and an initial schematic of a potential aircraft EPS with electric propulsion is proposed. In this regard, we also briefly review the components required for MEA/AEA EPS, including power electronics (PE) converters, electric machines, electrochemical energy units, circuit breakers (CBs), and wiring harness. A comprehensive review of each of the components mentioned above or other topics except for those related to steady state power flow in MEA/AEA EPS is out of this paper's scope and should be found somewhere else. At the close of the paper, some challenges in the path towards AEA are presented. Unless the discussed challenges are satisfactorily addressed and solved, arriving at an AEA that can properly operate over commercial missions will not be possible. INDEX TERMS aircraft electrification, all electric aircraft (AEA), electric power system (EPS), more electric aircraft (MEA), power distribution system, steady state power flow analysis.

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Section: F Wiring Harnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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“…Aircraft electrification offers other appealing features, since it allows reducing the overall weight of the aircraft [1], fuel consumption, system complexity or operation and maintenance costs. Due to weight constraints, this more intensive use of electrical power forces aircraft electrical transmission systems operating at increased voltages [3], [4]. Conventional cruising altitudes of commercial jet aircrafts are in the range 10-13 km, private jets can fly at altitudes below 15 km, and some military aircrafts can fly beyond 15 km.…”

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Comparison for Corona Discharge Detection Under Low Pressure Conditions

2020

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Low pressure environments, situate insulation systems in a challenging position since partial discharges (PDs), corona and arc tracking are more likely to develop. Therefore, specific solutions are required to detect such harmful phenomena before major failure occurrence. This paper deals with three low-cost and small-size sensing methods, i.e., a single loop antenna, a visible-UV imaging sensor and the measurement of the leakage current to detect corona in the early stage, thus anticipating the appearance of severer effects such as arc tracking or disruptive breakdown. The three studied methods can be applied for an on-line monitoring of corona activity under low pressure environments, thus being compatible with predictive maintenance approaches. This on-line monitoring can be used to develop improved electrical protection devices able to detect such effects in an initial stage, thus improving current solutions which are unable to do so. All three studied sensors give consistent linear responses within the studied pressure range, i.e., 10-100 kPa, with almost no drift. The sensitivity of the visible-UV imaging sensor is slightly lower than that of the others, but it has the advantage of directly locating the discharge points. Results presented in this paper can be very useful for the more electrical aircraft (MEA), which is forcing electrical distribution systems to operate at higher voltage levels. Due to the little experience and scarcity of published data, the experimental results presented in this paper can be valuable for a better understanding of the combined action of high voltage and low pressure environments.

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“…It is a recognized fact that CEV values depend on the local atmospheric conditions, i.e., pressure, temperature, and absolute humidity. Specifically, ambient pressure has a deep impact on CEV values [8,32]. Thus, when testing under variable atmospheric conditions, the obtained CEV values must be corrected to those of the standard reference atmosphere (P = 101.3 kPa, T = 20 • C, and H = 11 g/m 3 ), as suggested in the IEEE Std 4-2013 standard [31], which was carried out in this work.…”

Section: Visual Cev Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors

et al. 2020

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Substation connectors, like many other high-voltage products, are tested once manufactured. However, the corona behavior of aged specimens can differ from that exhibited by newer ones, thus generating detrimental technical and environmental effects. Manufacturers need to know the long-term corona behavior of substation connectors to offer their customers maximum safety and transparency about such critical products. This paper analyzes the ageing effect on the surface roughness and the visual corona extinction voltage of sand-cast aluminum connectors, which were artificially aged in a salt spray chamber for different periods. The experimental results show an important variability of the surface roughness and corona extinction voltage (CEV) among connectors with the same ageing level due to the sand-casting manufacturing process. The results in this paper also show a slight increase in the surface roughness with the ageing period, although there is not a clear pattern between the applied ageing level and the experimental CEV value. It is concluded that the inherent variability among connectors due to the sand-cast process has more influence than the ageing effect itself.

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Arc Tracking Control in Insulation Systems for Aeronautic Applications: Challenges, Opportunities, and Research Needs

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

Sensor Comparison for Corona Discharge Detection Under Low Pressure Conditions

Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors

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